Exam (elaborations)
PN ATI MEDICAL SURGICAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
- Course
- Institution
PN ATI MEDICAL SURGICAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
PN ATI MEDICAL SURGICAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024 A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The client asks the nurse about the usual course of MS. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. Each client is different. We cannot predict what will happen. B. I can see that you are worried, but it's too soon to predict what will happen. C. Acute episodes are usually followed by remissions, which can last varying lengths of time. D. It's too early to think about the future. Let's focus on the present and take one day at a time. RATIONALES Choice A reason: This is a vague and unhelpful response, because it does not provide any information or reassurance to the client who has a new diagnosis of MS. The nurse should explain the general course of MS and the possible variations among clients. Choice B reason: This is a sympathetic but incomplete response, because it does not address the client's question or provide any informa tion about the course of MS. The nurse should acknowledge the client's feelings and provide factual and realistic information. Choice C reason: This is the best response, because it provides accurate and relevant information about the course of MS, which i s a chronic and progressive disease that affects the central nervous system. MS can cause acute episodes of neurological symptoms, such as vision loss, numbness, weakness, or fatigue, which are followed by periods of remission, when the symptoms improve or disappear. The length and frequency of the episodes and remissions can vary among clients. Choice D reason: This is a dismissive and unrealistic response, because it does not answer the client's question or respect the client's right to know about the cou rse of MS. The nurse should not avoid the client's concerns or minimize the impact of the diagnosis. The nurse should help the client cope with the uncertainty and plan for the future. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I should take ibuprofen for my joint pain. B. I'm thankful that this type of lupus only affects the skin. C. Each day I should apply a sunblock with a sun protection factor of 15. D. A mild fever is common with SLE and usually does not require medical intervention. RATIONALES Choice A reason: This is an incorrect statement, because ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti -inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can worsen the renal function and increase the risk of bleeding in clients who have SLE. The client should take acetaminophen or other prescribed medications for joint pain. Choice B reason: This is an incorrect statement, b ecause SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and tissues, not just the skin. The client may experience symptoms such as rash, arthritis, nephritis, anemia, or pericarditis. Choice C reason: This is a correct statement, becaus e sun exposure can trigger or exacerbate the symptoms of SLE. The client should apply a sunblock with a sun protection factor of at least 15 every day, and wear protective clothing and hats when outdoors. Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement, be cause a mild fever can indicate an infection or a flare -up of SLE, which can require medical intervention. The client should monitor the temperature and report any fever or signs of infection to the provider. A nurse is monitoring a client following a thy roidectomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of hypoparathyroidism? A. Elevated blood pressure B. Involuntary muscle spasms C. Cold intolerance D. Weight loss RATIONALES Choice A reason: This is an incorrect find ing, because elevated blood pressure is not a sign of hypoparathyroidism, which is a condition that occurs when the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH regulates the calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bones. E levated blood pressure can be a sign of hyperparathyroidism, which is the opposite condition. Choice B reason: This is the correct finding, because involuntary muscle spasms are a sign of hypoparathyroidism, which causes hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium levels. Hypocalcemia can cause neuromuscular irritability and tetany, which are manifested by muscle spasms, twitching, cramps, or seizures. Choice C reason: This is an incorrect finding, because cold intolerance is not a sign of hypoparathyroidism, but a sign of hypothyroidism, which is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone regulates the metabolism and body temperature. Cold intolerance can also be a sign of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is a n autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland. Choice D reason: This is an incorrect finding, because weight loss is not a sign of hypoparathyroidism, but a sign of hyperthyroidism, which is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone increases the metabolism and energy expenditure. Weight loss can also be a sign of Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disease that causes overstimulation and enlargement of the thy roid gland. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has infective endocarditis about how to prevent recurrence. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I will reschedule any body p iercings if I have a fever. B. I will notify my doctor before I have dental procedures. C. I will floss my teeth twice a day as a part of my oral care. D. I will wear a mask when I go out in public. RATIONALES Choice A reason: This is an incorrect statem ent, because the client should avoid any body piercings, tattoos, or other procedures that can cause skin or mucosal trauma and increase the risk of bacterial infection and endocarditis. The client should also seek medical attention if they have a fever or other signs of infection. Choice B reason: This is a correct statement, because the client should notify their doctor before they have dental procedures, such as cleaning, filling, or extraction, that can cause bleeding and introduce bacteria into the blo odstream. The client may need prophylactic antibiotics to prevent endocarditis. Choice C reason: This is a partially correct statement, because the client should floss their teeth twice a day as a part of their oral care, but this is not enough to prevent recurrence of endocarditis. The client should also brush their teeth with a soft toothbrush after each meal, use an antiseptic mouthwash, and visit their dentist regularly. Choice D reason: This is an unnecessary statement, because the client does not need to wear a mask when they go out in public, unless they have a respiratory infection or are exposed to someone who has one. Endocarditis is not transmitted by airborne or droplet routes, but by direct contact with the infected heart valves or blood. A nur se is caring for a client following a hip arthroplasty. The nurse should place an abduction pillow on the client for which of the following purposes? A. Raising the bed linens off the client's feet to prevent plantar flexion. B. Keeping the client's heels off the bed to prevent pressure ulcers. C. Positioning the client off the operative site while in bed. D. Preventing dislocation of the hip during position changes or movement. RATIONALES Choice A reason: This is an incorrect purpose, because raising the bed linens off the client's feet to prevent plantar flexion is not related to the use of an abduction pillow. An abduction pillow is a wedge -shaped pillow that is placed between the client's legs to keep them apart and aligned. Raising the bed linens off the client's feet can be achieved by using a foot cradle or a bed frame. Choice B reason: This is an incorrect purpose, because keeping the client's heels off the bed to prevent pressure ulcers is not related to the use of an abduction pillow. An abduction pillow is a wedge -shaped pillow that is placed between the client's legs to keep them apart and aligned. Keeping the client's heels off the bed can be achieved by using a heel protector or a pillow under the lower legs.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller wsharleen23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81311 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now