PPL - Weather Questions With Correct Answers!!

Define aviation area forecast - Answer--Abbreviated as "FA." -Forecast of specified weather phenomena covering a flight information region or other area designated by meteorological authority. -Issued 3 times daily for each of the 6 areas in the contiguous 48 states. Also issued for the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Hawaii, and Alaska. Describe a mid-level significant weather (SIGWX) chart. - Answer-The mid-level significant weather chart provides a forecast and an overview of significant en route weather phenomena over a range of flight levels from 10,000' MSL to FL450, and associated surface weather features. The chart is a snapshot of weather expected at the specified valid time and depicts numerous weather elements that can be hazardous to aviation. The AWC issues the 24-hour mid-level significant weather chart 4 times daily. Describe a U.S. low-level significant weather prog chart - Answer-It is a "Day One" forecast of significant weather for the counterminous US, pertaining to the layer from surface to FL240 (400mb). With two forecast period, 12 and 24 hours, the chart is composed of 4 panels. The 2 lower panels depict the 12- and 24-hour surface progs, and the 2 upper panels depict the 12- and 24-hour significant weather progs. Issued 4 times a day, 6 hours apart. Covers forecast positions and characteristics of pressure systems, fronts, and precipitation. Describe several types of weather observing programs available - Answer-Manual Observations: reports made from airport locations staffed by FAA or NWS personnel. AWOS: Automated Weather Observing System; consists of various sensors, a processor, a computergenerated voice subsystem, and a transmitter to broadcast local, minute-by-minute weather data directly to the pilot. Observations will include the prefix AUTO in data. ASOS/AWSS: Automated Surface Observing System/Automated Weather Sensor System; the primary US surface weather observing system. AWSS is a follow-on program that provides the identical data as ASOS. Both systems provide continuous minute-by-minute observations that generate METARs and other aviation weather information. Transmitted over a discrete VHF radio frequency or the voice portion of a local NAVAID, and are receivable to a maximum of 25NM from the station and a max altitude of 10,000' AGL. Observations made without human intervention will include the modifier AUTO in the report data.Describe the basic elements of a METAR - Answer-A METAR report contains the following elements in order as presented: a. Type of reports: the METAR and the SPECI b. ICAO station identifier c. Date and time of report; 6 digit date/time group appended with Z (UTC). First two digits are the date, then two for the hour, and two for the minutes d. Modifier (as required): if use, the modifier AUTO identifies the report as an automated weather report with no human intervention. If AUTO is shown in the body of the report, AO1 or AO2 will be encoded in the remarks section to indicate the type of precipitation sensor used at the station. e. Wind: 5 digit group (six digits if speed is over 99 knots); first three digits = wind direction in tens of degrees referenced to true north; next two digits are the average speed in knots f. Visibility: surface visibility in statute miles g. Runway visual range (RVR) as required h. Weather phenomena: broken into two categories (qualifiers and weather phenomena) i. Sky condition (heights in ft AGL) j. Temperature/dew point: 2 digit format in whole degrees Celsius; temperatures below zero are prefixed with M k. Altimeter l. Remarks (RMK) as required Describe the winds and temperatures aloft forecast (FB). - Answer-Computer prepared forecasts for wind direction, wind speed, and temperature at specified times, altitudes, and locations. They are produces 4 times a day for specified locations in the US. Amendments are not issued, and forecasts are not issued for altitudes within 1500' of a location's elevation. During your preflight planning, what type of meteorological information should you be aware of with respect to icing? - Answer-Location of fronts: a front's location, type, speed, and direction of movement Cloud layers: the location of cloud bases and tops, which is valuable when determining if you will be able to climb above icing layers or descend beneath those layers into warmer air; reference PIREPs and area forecastsFreezing Level(s): important when determining how to avoid icing and how to exit icing conditions if accidentally encountered. Air temperature and pressure: icing tends to be found in low-pressure areas and at temperatures at or around freezing Effects of stable air - Answer-Stratiform clouds, smooth air, steady precipitation, and poor visibility Effects of unstable air - Answer-Cumuliform clouds, rough air, showery precipitation, good visibility For every 1000' you climb, the pressure drops by: - Answer-1 inch Hg