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NR 293-exam 1 – 103 Questions and Answers
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NR 293-exam 1 – 103 Questions and Answers
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NR 293-exam 1 – 103 Questionsand Answers
chemical name - -describes the drug chemical composition and molecular
structure
-generic name or nonproprietary name - -name given by the US adopted
names council
-trade name or proprietary name - -the drug has a registered trademark,
use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent owner (usually the
manufacturer)
-pharmaceutics - -study of how various drug forms influence the way in
which the drug affect the body, different drug dosage forms have different
properties, and dosage from determines the rate of drug dissolution (in the
GI tract) with enteric-coated vs. extended release
-pharmacokinetic - -what the body does to the drug like how body moves it,
reacts, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
-pharmacodynamics - -what the drug does to the body
-absorption pharmacokinetics - -movement of a drug from its site of
administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues like
bioavaibility and first-pass effect
-first-pass effect - -when the drug reaches the blood taken by mouth
-bioavaibilility - -how much med concentration after first pass medication
taken by mouth is never 100%, IV is 100%
-enteral (GI tract) route - -sublingual and buccal routes have 100 %
bioavibility, and oral
-parenteral route - -IV is the fastest delivery into the blood circulation,
others are IM, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrarterial, intrathecal, and
intraarticular, fatty food (food in general) will prolong absorption
-topical route - -skin with transdermal patches, eyes, ears, nose, lungs with
inhalation, rectum and vagina
, -distribution - -the transport of a drug by the blood stream to its site of
action like by protien binding, water/fat souble, blood brain barrier, areas of
rapid distribution and areas of slow distribution
-protein-binding - -removed through kidneys (not on BC, warfarin, NSAIDs)
albumin most common
-water souble - -more action than protien binding but leave body faster
-fat soluble - -pentrates membrane of cell, to get in and stays in longer like
traping
-areas of rapid distribution - -heart, liver, kidneys and brain
-areas of slow distribution - -muscle, skin and fat
-protein binding free drug - -unbound, active drug has higher risk of drug
toxicity than bound drug
-when taking two medications that are highly protein bound there is - -high
risk of drug to drug interaction
-factors that decrease metabolism - -cardiovascular dysfunction, renal
insufficiency, starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, ketoconazole
therapy
-factors that increase metabolism - -fast acetylator (metabolize faster rate
with dosage increased), barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and
phenytoin therapy (enzyme works faster), enzyme P-450 will modify the drug
-main organ of metabolism or biotransformation for pharmacokinetics - -
liver, others include skeletal, muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal
mucosa
-main organ of excretion - -kidneys, others include liver, bowel with biliary
excretion or enterohepatic recirculation (in bowel can be pulled back to liver
with bile)
-drug actions - -the cellular processes involved in the drug and cell
interaction
-drug effect - -physiologic reaction of the body to the drug, includes the
onset, peak, and duration of action
-onset - -time drug takes to get therapeutic
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