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Chapter 32: The Toddler and Family Perry: Maternal Child Nursing Care, 6th Edition $7.99
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Chapter 32: The Toddler and Family Perry: Maternal Child Nursing Care, 6th Edition

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1. Which are characteristics of the physical development of a 30-month-old child? (Select all that apply.) a. Birth weight has doubled. b. Primary dentition is complete. c. Sphincter control is achieved. d. Anterior fontanel is open. e. Length from birth is doubled. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: B,...

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  • June 9, 2024
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Chapter 32: The Toddler and Family Perry: Maternal Child Nursing Care, 6th Edition 1. Which are characteristics of the physical development of a 30 -month -old child? (Select all that apply.) a. Birth weight has doubled. b. Primary dentition is complete. c. Sphincter control is achieved. d. Anterior fontanel is open. e. Length from birth is doubled. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: B, C Usually by age 30 months, the primary dentition of 20 teeth is completed, and the child has sphincter control in preparation for bowel and bladder control. A doubling of birth weight, opening of the anterior fontanel, and doubling of length are not charact eristic of the physical development of a 30 -month -old child. 1. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections? a. Respirations are abdominal. b. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy. c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy. d. The presence of short, straight internal ear/throat structures and large tonsil/adenoid lymph tissue. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D Toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections. The abdom inal respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not affect their susceptibility to infection. The defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy. 10. In the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18 -month -old child how to make a tower out of blocks. In this situation the nurse should recognize that fact about this task. a. Blocks at this age are used primarily for throwing. b. Toddlers are too young to imitate the behavior of others. c. Toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks. d. Toddlers are too young to build a tower of blocks. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: C This is a good parent -child interaction. The 18 month old is capable of building a tower of 3 or 4 blocks. The ability to build towers of blocks usually begins at age 15 months. With ongoing development, the child is able to build taller towers. At this ag e, children imitate others around them and no longer throw blocks. 11. The parents of a newborn say that their toddler "hates the baby and suggested that we put the baby in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away." What is the nurse's best response to the parent's concern? a. "Let's see if we can figure out why your toddler hates the new baby." b. "That's a strong statement to come from such a small child." c. "Let's refer your child to counseling to work this hatred out. It's not a normal response." d. "That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let's look at ways to deal with this." - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D The arrival of a new infant represents a crisis for even the best -prepared toddler. Toddlers have their entire schedule and routines disrupted because of the new family member. The nurse should work with parents on ways to involve the toddler in the newbor n's care and help focus attention on the toddler. The toddler does not hate the infant. This is an expected response to the changes in routines and attention that affect the toddler. This is a normal response. The toddler can be provided with a doll to ten d to its needs when the parent is performing similar care for the newborn. 12. A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. What intervention is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child with an age appropriate punishment. b. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. c. Ignore the behavior, provided that it is not injurious. d. Explain to child that this is wrong. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: C The parent should be told that the best way to deal with temper tantrums is to ignore the behaviors, provided that the actions are not dangerous to the child. Tantrums are common during this age -group as the child becomes more independent and increasingly complex tasks overwhelm him or her. The parents and caregivers need to have consistent and developmentally appropriate expectations. Punishment and explanations will not be beneficial. 13. A parent asks the nurse about how to respond to negativism in toddlers. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Provide more attention. c. Ask child not always to say "no." d. Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D The nurse should suggest to the parent that questions should be phrased with realistic choices rather than "yes" or "no" answers. This provides a sense of control for the toddler and reduces the opportunity for negativism. Negativism is not an indication o f stubbornness or insolence and should not be punished. The negativism is not a function of attention; the child is testing limits to gain an understanding of the world. The toddler is too young to be asked to not always say "no." 14. The parents of a 2 year old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend which intervention for the parents? a. Ignore the "baby talk." b. Explain to the toddler that "baby talk" is for babies. c. Tell the toddler frequently, "You are a big kid now." d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: A The baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler. It should be ignored, while praising the child for developmentally appropriate behaviors. Regression is children's way of saying that they are expressing stress. The parents should not introduce new expectations and should allow the child to master the developmental tasks without criticism. 15. Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at mealtimes, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." The nurse should recommend what intervention to the parents? a. Give her planned, frequent, and nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: A Most toddlers exhibit a physiologic anorexia in response to the decreased nutritional requirement associated with the slower growth rate. Parents should assist the child to develop healthy eating habits. The toddler is often unable to sit through a meal. Frequent nutritious snacks are a good way to ensure proper nutrition. To help with developing healthy eating habits, food should not be used as positive or negative reinforcement for behavior. The child may develop habits of overeating or eat nonnutritious foods in response. 16. A father tells the nurse that his toddler wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is a result of what factor? a. A sign that the child is spoiled. b. A way to exert unhealthy control. c. Regression, common at this age. d. Ritualism, common at this age. - CORRECT ANSWERS ANS: D The child is exhibiting the ritualism that is characteristic at this age. Ritualism is the need to maintain sameness and reliability. It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler. It will dictate certain principles in feeding practices, including rejectin g a favorite food because it is served in a different container. This does not indicate a child who has unreasonable expectations or a need to exert control, but rather normal development. Toddlers use ritualistic behaviors to maintain necessary structure in their lives. This is not regression, which is a retreat from a present pattern of functioning. 17. Developmentally, most children at age 12 months demonstrate what behavior? a. Use a spoon adeptly. b. Relinquish the bottle voluntarily. c. Eat the same food as the rest of the family.

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