HESI ENTRANCE EXAM 2024 FINAL EXAM What is isotope? - ANSWER -The same element but different number in protons and neutrons -Mass Number (pr otons plus neutrons) minus Atomic Number (number of protons) equals the number of neutrons. What is radioactive isotope? - ANSWER -Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration and in the process gives off radiation What is a molecule? - ANSWER -Atoms bonded t ogether to form a chemical unit What is a compound? - ANSWER -Combining different atoms What is ionic bond? - ANSWER -Ions with opposite charges attract What are the most abundant elements of the human body? - ANSWER -Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen 90% of the human body is composed of just four elements which are: - ANSWER -
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element is called: - ANSWER -Atom Subatomic particles are: - ANSWER -Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons (negative) All matter is composed of basic substances called - ANSWER -Elements An atom that tells you how many protons an atom has is called: - ANSWER -Atomic Number The number of protons and neutrons is called: - ANSWER -Mass Number What are ions? - ANSWER -Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or lost one or more eletrons What is a covalent bonds? - ANSWER -Atoms sharing electrons instead of losing or gain them What is polar bond? - ANSWER -Bond created when elec trons shared by adjacent atoms are shared unequally hydrophilic means - ANSWER -water -living Hydrophobic means - ANSWER -water -fearing What is electrolyte? - ANSWER -Substances that release ions when puts into water What is pH? - ANSWER -a measure of hydro gen ion concentration Anterior position - ANSWER -a body part is located towards the front (ventral) The mitochondrion is an example of a(an) - ANSWER -Organelle The nose is _______ to the chin - ANSWER -Superior The muscles are _____ to the skin - ANSWER -Deep The sternum is anterior or ______ to the heart. - ANSWER -Ventral What is the scientific term for the mouth - ANSWER -Oral Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides - ANSWER -Sagittal The plane that divides a body part into an terior and posterior sections is the ______ plane - ANSWER -Frontal (coronal) plane The cavity that contains the pleural and abdominopelvic cavities is the ______ cavity - ANSWER -Anterior (ventral) The cavity that contains the pericardial and pleural cavi ties is the ______ cavity. - ANSWER -Ventral and thoracic The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity - ANSWER -
Posterior, dorsal cavity The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the - ANSWER -visceral pleura The serous membrane covering the heart is the - ANSWER -Parietal pericardium Which of the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? - ANSWER -Lungs The stomach would lie in the ______ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER -
Upper Left Quadrants Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWER -Upper Right Identify the organ system responsible for the production of blood cells - ANSWER -
Skeletal System Identify the organ systems that function in integration and coordination - ANSWER -
Nervous and endorine system When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. This type of response is called - ANSWER -Negative feedback What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same direction? - ANSWER -Positive feedback A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to as - ANSWER -Systemic The calf is _________ to the knee. - ANSWER -Distal -body is FARTHER from attachment The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - ANSWER -further from the midline The little or "pinky" finger is _______to the thumb. - ANSWER -medial The term sural refers to the: - ANSWER -Calf Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - ANSWER -Sagittal The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity. - ANSWER -
posterior, dorsal, cavity Identify the two prima ry cavities within the ventral cavity. - ANSWER -thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - ANSWER -Upper right Plasma Membrane - ANSWER -outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules (phospholipid bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows certain molecules but others to enter the cell. nucleus is - ANSWER -a large, centrally located structure that contains the chromosomes and is the control center cytoplasm - ANSWER -gelatinous like semi -fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma membrane cytoskeleton - ANSWER -maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER -Transports materials within the cell, provides attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes Chromatin - ANSWER -Fiber composed of protein and DNA mol ecules which contains cellular information for synthesizing proteins chromosomes - ANSWER -rod-like structures that contains genes Nuclear envelope - ANSWER -double membrane that covers the nucleus, the most important function is surround and contain DNA Ribosomes - ANSWER -particles that carry out protein synthesizes Rough ER - ANSWER -Stubbed with ribosomes, processes proteins Smooth ER - ANSWER -lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipid molecules (fat) Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER -processes, packages, and secretes modified cell products (UPS delivery truck) Lysosomes - ANSWER -vesicle that digests macromolecules and even cell parts (garbage disposal) Peroxisomes - ANSWER -detoxify drugs, alcohol and other potential toxins Mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell - ANSWER -release energy from food molecules and transforms energy into useable form. the energy source also site of ATP What is ATP? - ANSWER -Adenosine Triphosphate Centrosome - ANSWER -helps distribute chromosomes to new cells during cell division and init iates formation of cells centrioles are inside that help to divide the cells Cilia and Flagella are: - ANSWER -projections of cells that propels fluids over cellular surfaces Simple Diffusion - ANSWER -Movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Osmosis - ANSWER -Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane Occurs when there is an unequal distribution of water on either side of a selectively permeable membrane Tonicity - Isotonic - Hypotonic - Hypertonic - - ANSWER --concentration of solute versus the concentration of water -equal concentration of solutes (dissolved substances) and solvent (water) inside and outside cell; cell shape is maintained -higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solutes) outside cell; water moves into cell causing it to swell and eventually lyse - lower concentration of water (higher concentration of solutes) outside cell; water moves out of cell causing it to shrink or crenate Filtration - ANSWER -is the movement of liquid from high pressure to low pressure Active transport - ANSWER -Solute s move up their concentration gradient
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