Exam (elaborations)
UNMC Patho Exam 2 (1)
- Course
- Institution
UNMC Patho Exam 2 (1)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
modockochieng06
Content preview
NAPLEX ReviewWhat is the equation for corrected phenytoin? - ANS-CP= measured serum
phenytoin/(0.2*albumin)+0.1
What is the principle intracellular cation? - ANS-potassium
Principle extracellular is Sodium
How many mL in a teaspoon? - ANS-5 mL
how many mL in a tablespoon - ANS-15 mL
how many mL in a cup? - ANS-240 mL
how many mL in an ounce? - ANS-29.6 mL
how many mL in a pint? - ANS-473 mL
how many mL in a gallon? - ANS-3785 mL
How do we calculate mols or mmols of a substance? - ANS-mol= g/MW
mmol= mg/MW
How many mg are in one grain? - ANS-65 mg/grain
How many lbs in a kg? - ANS-2.2lbs/kg
What is the conversion of aminophylline to theophylline? - ANS-we multiply the
aminophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent theophylline
What is the conversion of theophylline to aminophylline? - ANS-divide the amount of
theophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent aminophylline
How do we get the ratio strength from the percent strength? - ANS-ratio strength=
100/% strength
How do we get the percent strength from the ratio strength? - ANS-% strength=
100/ratio strength
,How do we convert PPM to percent strength? - ANS--PPM to % strength, move decimal
left 4 places
-% strength to PPM, move decimal place right 4 places
specific gravity - ANS-SG= grams of substance/mL
mEq - ANS-mEq= mg x valence/MW
Which chemicals have 2 valences? - ANS-Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
mOsmol/L - ANS-mOsmol/L= [wt of substance (g/L)/MW (g/mole)] x number of particles
x 1000
Equation for anion gap` - ANS-Na - (Cl + Bicarbonate)
How much elemental calcium is found in calcium carbonate and calcium citrate? -
ANS-40% in carbonate
20% in citrate
How much elemental Iron is in ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, and ferrous gluconate?
- ANS-fumarate: 108 mg
sulfate: 65 mg of 325mg (20%)
gluconate 35 mg
How is absolute neutrophil count calculated? - ANS-ANC= WBC x [(%segs +
%bands)/100]
What is the formula to determine a patient's total energy expenditure? - ANS-TEE= BEE
x activity factor X stress factor
What is the equation to find pH of a weak acid? - ANS-pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
What is the equation to find pH of a weak base? - ANS-pH = (pKw - pKb) +
log(base/salt)
,what can we tell about ionization of acids from the pH and the pKa? - ANS-pH > pKa
more acid is ionized
pH = pKa ionized and unionized are equal
pH < pKa more acid is unionized
An ionized drug is more soluble but cannot easily cross lipid membranes and vice versa
How are the ABG measurements written out on the exam? -
ANS-pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2
What are the normal values for pH, HCO3, and pCO2? - ANS-pH = 7.35-7.45
HCO3 = 38-42
pCO2 = 22-28
When adding calcium and phosphate to TPN what should be considered? - ANS--Use
calcium gluconate over calcium chloride because it is less reactive and a lower rate of
precipitation.
-Add phosphate first then add calcium at the end of the prep
-when added together don't exceed 45 mEq/L
BMI - ANS-weight in kg/height in meter^2
BSA - ANS-BSA = SQR [weight(kg) x height (cm)/3600]
How many kcals are in 10%, 20%, and 30% intravenous fat emulsions? How much fat is
needed for TPN? - ANS-10% = 1.1 kcal/mL
20% = 2 kcal/mL
30% = 3 kcal/mL
Fat for TPN = 9 kcal/gram
How many kcals do amino acids and dextrose provide in TPN? - ANS-Amino acids 4
kcal/gram
dextrose 3.4 kcal/gram
what is the pKa? - ANS-The pKa is the pH at which half the drug is 50% ionized. This is
half the neutralization or equivalence point. The neutralization or equivalence point is at
a much higher pH and occurs when the acid has been neutralized.
, what is the correct calcium equation? - ANS-Corrected Ca = [(4.0-albumin) x 0.8] +
serum calcium
What is the equation for absolute bioavailability? - ANS-F= 100 x (AUC
extravascular/AUC intravascular) x (Dose intravascular/Dose extravascular)
What is the equation to find the volume of distribution? - ANS-Vd = amount of drug
given/concentration of drug in plasma
What is the equation for clearance? - ANS-Cl = rate of elimination/concentration
Cl = F x Dose/AUC
Cl = Dose/AUC (if bioavailability is 1)
what is the equation for the elimination rate constant? - ANS-ke = Clearance/volume of
distribution
How do we find the half-life? - ANS-t1/2 = 0.693/ke
How do we define pharmacodynamics vs. pharmacokinetics? -
ANS-pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug
Formula to determine patients LDL - ANS-LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
What are glass, wedgwood, and porcelain mortars used for? - ANS-Glass- used for
mixing liquids (solutions, suspensions) and oily or staining compounds
Wedgwood- used for grinding dry crystals and hard powders
Porcelain- used to blend powders and pulverize gummy consistencies
What is the Master Formulation Record? - ANS-recipe that provides all ingredients and
instructions for preparing a compounded product. includes compound name, strength,
dosage form, all calculations, and everything needed to make the compound
What is the compounding log? - ANS-it's the log book of all products made in the
pharmacy
what is a QA plan? - ANS-quality assurance plan that outlines the steps and actions that
ensure the maintenance of proper standards for compounding preparations.
needs to be reviewed and updated regularly.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller modockochieng06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83100 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now