Nuclear Physics is :
relativity
scattering
nuclear model
transition
?
Why nuclear physics
an M Gn-newton constant
·
Gravity : acceleration a =
rz
M-mass of earth
&
& ·
·
&
&
&
The
study of nuclear physics :
-
t of energy consumption in the UK
-2
fundamental forces of nature
- understand better the
periodic table .
How learn nuclear ?
to physics
Use
·
optical microscopes resolve distance to
-
uloo um 1 nm =
10 m/
e .
g reveal structure
of bacteria .
Resolution of the instrument is limited
fundamentally
by the
wavelength of radiation we use
Resolution
7X
Crystal flat naked
e
but
g is to
eyes ,
X-ray
revea its structure
.
, Electron resolve distance
microscopes to 100pm
·
*
10 m)
-
1 pm =
eg reveal structures of molecules and atams .
Broglie's equation :
x 1
=
n-planck's constant h = 6 .
626x1034 is
-
increase momentum for smaller resolution
After point particles that
-
some , these hit
the material energetic that
are so
we are
longer taking photos collision
no rather , a
·
To
study nuclei , we need resolution 10 m
Natural Units
·
2 fundamental constants in nature
1) Reduced Planck's constant :
h =
= 6 .
58X10 - eVs
where ev =
1 6 X 10
.
+
J
2) speed of light :
c = 3 . 00X108 m/s
We these two constants rods
measuring
·
use as
by setting them to 1
n = c =
1
, E.g in 147 =
H14) =
: 14) =
H147
APAXIE =
APAXIE
Erest = mc =>
Erest = m
*
·
Unit : eV = 1 .
6 x10 I
ev
The
following have the unit
momentum time distance
energy mass
+
LE] =
[m] =
[p] =
It ] =
[x
+
] = er
bracket denotes unit .
Example => N V :
·
.
Given length Lun =
2 .
10
*
eVt .
Find the
length
in S I .
unit
Procedures :
.
·
Ls =
t ** LNu work out the
power of
nic
& [LsI] = m , metre
15 15
>
[tac Lvn] leVs 19
+
=
eV
So m = evatmt gat
=> a =
1 &
a-
= 0 => t =
1
+
Thus LsI = < Lvn = 197 MeVfu .
2X10-eV
=
104 fu I
197 MeVfm
·
=
, Relativistic Kinematics
For
·
a
particle at rest :
Erest = mcz
· For a
moving particle :
EX mc + where P =
my
KE = E mr2
·
Taking an object of 1 kg 1 then E = mc
~ 10"J
This cannot
happen as , there are conserved
quantities prevent this . It would
split into
matter of antimatter .
·
Galilean transformations : non-relativistic
X = X + Vt
matrix notation :
() =
(11)
momentum :
P = mr
P = mr + pl
Conflict :
·
Nothing travels faster than
ConflictWith
measured
·
There are
experimental particles
have momentum
p
= m .
10
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