Private Pilot Oral Examination (WMU
College of Aviation)
What is Rime Ice? - ANS-Thicker, white ice that forms to surface. Often appears milky
and forms wedges
What is Clear Ice? - ANS-See-through layer of ice that can change the shape of the
airfoil
At what rate does atmospheric pressure decrease with an increase in altitude? - ANS-1"
HG per 1000 feet
What is a trough? - ANS-An area of low atmospheric pressure, often associated with
poor weather
What is a ridge? - ANS-An area of high atmospheric pressure, often associated with
good weather
What is an Airworthiness Directive (AD)? - ANS-An AD is like a recall, identifies unsafe
conditions caused by a design defect, maintenance, or other causes. Also specifies the
conditions under which the aircraft may continue to be operated.
What is preventative maintenance? - ANS-Preventative maintenance can be done by a
certified pilot and is usually simple maintenance, like replenishing hydraulic fluid,
changing the oil, or lubricating the wheel bearings, that does not need to be done by a
certified mechanic.
What are the procedures to follow when using 14 CFR 91.213 (d) for deferral of
inoperative equipment? - ANS-There are two options:
1. The flight can be cancelled and the airplane can be sent to maintenance
2. The flight can be completed if the piece of equipment is not required, as long as an
INOP placard is placed on top of the indicator, switch, or control
What are the three left turning tendencies? - ANS-1. Torque: The propeller spinning
clockwise
2. P-factor: The descending propeller blade generating more thrust than the ascending
propeller blade
, 3. Spiraling Slipstream: An invisible layer of air that wraps around the airplane and hits
the rudder, forcing the airplane to the left.
What are the fuel requirements for cross-country VFR flight? (day & night) - ANS-Day:
30 minutes
Night: 45 minutes
When does night-time start? - ANS-The end of evening civil twilight-the beginning of
morning civil daylight
What is a complex airplane and what do you need to be the PIC in one? - ANS-A
complex airplane has a retractable landing gear, a controllable pitch prop, and flaps. To
be the PIC of a complex airplane, you must receive an endorsement
What regulations apply to an aircraft that has had repairs or alterations that may have
affected its operation in flight? - ANS-The aircraft cannot operate or carry passengers
until it has undergone maintenance and a rated pilot has flown the airplane, checked the
maintenance performed in-flight, and logged the flight in the aircraft records
What is Maneuvering Speed? - ANS-If you are flying below or at maneuvering speed,
you will stall before you break the airplane. Below maneuvering speed, a full and abrupt
control input can be made and the airplane will stall before it causes structural damage
When do night-lights need to be turned on? (landing light, anti-collision lights, and
position lights) - ANS-Sunset-Sunrise
How long does a registration last for? (federal and state of michigan) - ANS-Federal: 3
years
Michigan: 1 year
Does the Cirrus SR-20 have an MEL? - ANS-No, the Cirrus SR-20 has a
Kinds-of-Operation list. Lists the equipment needed to operate the airplane in day and
night VFR and day and night IFR
What are frise-type ailerons? - ANS-The aileron that is deflected up pops below the
wing and creates drag.
What are differential ailerons? - ANS-The up-aileron goes up more than the
down-aileron travels down. This results in more drag on the up-aileron side.
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