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NUR 388 Midterm Exam - Modules 1-3.
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NUR 388 Midterm Exam - Modules 1-3.
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NUR 388 Midterm Exam - Modules 1-3Which statement best describes community-based nursing?
a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
b. Providing care with a focus on the group's needs.
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs.
d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care. - ANS-a. A practice in which
care is provided for individuals and families.
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-specific practice in which care is
provided for "sick" individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The
emphasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive,
coordinated, and continuous care. These nurses may be generalists or specialists in
maternal-infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-based
nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than
focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
Which statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
a. Providing care to individuals and families
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease - ANS-d. To
preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
By definition, community-oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or
maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. All nurses may
focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family
setting, and help manage acute or chronic conditions.
Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
a. Families and groups
b. Illness-oriented care
c. Individuals within the family unit
d. Health care of communities and populations - ANS-d. Health care of communities
and populations
,In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and
populations rather than on individuals, groups, and families. The goal is to prevent
disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the
population within it. Community-based nurses deal primarily with illness-oriented care of
individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic
health conditions in the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or
family-centered illness care.
Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during
the 20th century?
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections - ANS-c. Sanitation and other population-based
prevention programs
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and
programs were primarily responsible for increasing the average life span from 47 in
1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century
plus through improvements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making
workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety, (5) immunizing children, and (6)
improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new
drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is
perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in the health of populations
that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the
community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by
the nurse?
a. Provide free healthcare to all citizens
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans - ANS-b. To
increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are
the mechanisms to increase the number of people with health insurance. The care
provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burden it places
,on the American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of
ACA.
What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public
health efforts?
a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans. - ANS-c.
The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot
be entirely separate from the health of the larger community. Public health practice
focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community's health status
(resources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent
disease and disability and promote and protect the health of the community as a whole.
Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that
conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health
do not judge the morality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not
on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making
healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine
needed health services
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment -
ANS-d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she
works primarily with members of the community to carry out core public health
functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting
health and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders
which interventions should be chosen, assessing the community and deciding on
appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not
demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the
community actually wants and needs.
, Which public health nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television - ANS-b.
The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
Any of these descriptions might represent a nurse communicating, cooperating, or
collaborating with community residents or groups about health concerns. A major
challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more
aggressive in working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as
professional colleagues in institutional settings to deal with barriers to health. However,
the nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most
representative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader
perspective. In public health, broad concerns of the community should be addressed.
Which of the following best defines aggregate?
a. A large group of persons
b. A collection of individuals and families
c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
d. Another name for demographic group - ANS-c. A collection of people who share one
or more characteristics
Which question asked by a novice nurse would be the most reflective of an
understanding of the role of a public health nurse?
a. "Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?"
b. "Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?"
c. "With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?"
d. "With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?" - ANS-a. "Which groups are at
the greatest risk for problems?"
Asking which groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-oriented perspective. The
incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented
perspective.
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