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VBSC 421 Lab Quiz 1 (labs 1,2,3).
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VBSC 421 Lab Quiz 1 (labs 1,2,3)List the seven categories of the traditional naming system - ANS-Kindgom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the 3 types of information reflected in a cladogram? - ANS-1. common
ancestry and evolutionary relationships
2. ancestral and shared derived characteristics
3. probable sequence of evolutionary events
What does a cladogram look like? - ANS-
Dorsal - ANS-toward the back of the animal
Ventral - ANS-Toward the belly of the animal
Cranial - ANS-toward the head
Caudal - ANS-toward the tail
Anterior - ANS-ahead or before
Posterior - ANS-after or behind
Medial - ANS-toward the midline
Lateral - ANS-toward the side
Proximal - ANS-Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - ANS-farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to
the body
Saggital Plane - ANS-divides the body into left and right halves
, Transverse Plane (cross section) - ANS-Like slices of bread
Homologus structures - ANS-structures inherited through common ancestry
homoplastic structures - ANS-similar in form and structure but not in origin (wings of
birds and dragonflies)
Palmar - ANS-bottom surface or front paws
Plantar - ANS-bottom surface of rear paws
What are the (5) distinguishing characteristics of chordates? - ANS-1. notochord
2. dorsal hollow nerve chord
3. pharyngeal slits
4. subpharyngeal organ (similar to thyroid)
5. post-anal tail
What are the (8) major organ systems? - ANS-1. musculoskeletal
2. integument (skin)
3. respiratory
4. digestive
5. neurologic
6. cardiovascular
7. excretory
8. reproductive
What is the major difference between the nerve cords of the amphioxus and
ammocoetes? - ANS-it extends into the brain in the ammocoetes
How does the notochord function with the myomeres in locomotion? What function does
the notochord serve? - ANS--the myomeres contract so the organism can move in a
sinusoidal locomotion
-the notochord is a long longitudinal supporting structure that allows locomotion
Compare the amphioxus and ammocoetes mechanisms that they use to move water
and food particles through the pharynx. - ANS-ammocoetes- pharynx is a muscular
pump, the branchial basket opens and closes the mouth
amphioxus- passive system, particles enter and are filtered by size by the buccai cirri
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