Sociology: Chapter 3 (Exam Review)
"things" passed on from one generation to the next in a soicety exists in cultures? - correct
answer-true.
Agricultural societies are - correct answer-societies that rely primarly on raising crops for
food, but make use of technofoical adnaces such as the plow, irrigation, anials, and
fertilizarions to continiously cultivate the same land.
Beliefs - correct answer-ideas about the nature of reality
Characteristics of cultures help us? - correct answer-defined cultures and illustrate the
purpose it serves for our societites.
Counterculture - correct answer-a subculture deliberately and consciously opposed to certain
beliefs
Cultural norms - correct answer-ways of behaving in certain situations (taking your hat off
during national anthem)
Cultural particulars - correct answer-the ways cultures have developed different ways to
express universals Reasons for cultural particulars: Biological similarities, Environment,
Societies face the same problems
Cultural relativism is - correct answer-requires setting aside cultural and personal beliefs and
prejudice to udnerstand another group of soiceyt in the eyes of its memebrs.
Cultural universals - correct answer-traits that exist in all cultures
Culture - correct answer-a group's total way of life, the software
Diffusion - correct answer-the borrowing of aspects of culture from different cultures(reason
for change)
Discovery - correct answer-the process of finding something that already exists (reason for
change)
Drives - correct answer-biologically inherited impulses designed to reduce discomfort
Ethnocentrism - correct answer-tenedency to view one's own group and its cultural
expectations as right,proper, and superior to others.
Folkways - correct answer-rules that cover customary ways of thinking but lack no moral
overtone (supporting school activities). Folkways are a matter of personal choice, while
mores have social responsibility
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