Agricultural Science, Lesson 5.1,
Glossary
Adenine - correct answer-One of the four bases.
Cell membrane - correct answer-The semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of
a cell.
Cell wall - correct answer-The membranous covering of a cell secreted by the cytoplasm in
growing plants.
Centriole - correct answer-A structure that appears during mitosis in animal cells.
Centrosome - correct answer-A dark body containing a centriole in animal ells, but not plant
cells; spindle fibers radiate from the centrosome in preparation for mitosis.
Chloroplast - correct answer-Minute objects within plant cells, which contain the green
pigment, chlorophyll.
Chromosome - correct answer-A microscopic, dark-staining body, visible in the nucleus of
the cell at the time of nuclear division, which carries the genes, arranged in linear order. Its
number in any species is usually constant, and it serves as the bridge of inheritance, i.e., the
sole connecting link between two succeeding generations.
Cytoplasm - correct answer-The living substance within a plant or animal cell excluding the
nucleus.
Cytosine - correct answer-One of the four bases of DNA; it pairs only with guanine.
Cytoskeleton - correct answer-A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps
maintain the shape and size of a eukaryotic cell.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - correct answer-A genetic protein-like nucleic acid on plant
and animal genes and chromosomes that controls inheritance. Each DNA molecule consists
of two strands in the shape of a double helix.
Eukaryote cell - correct answer-A cel that contains genetic information or DNA in the nucleus
like most organisms.
Genes - correct answer-The simplest unit of inheritance. Physically, each gene is apparently
a nucleic acid with a unique structure. It influences certain traits.
Golgi apparatus - correct answer-A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies
proteins for export by the cell.
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