NURS 511 Epi
(RR) Relative risk - correct answer-Measures the (causal) association b/t exposure to a risk
factor and the development of a disease. (Smoker vs Nonsmoker)
# of health events in a specified period/population at risk X K - correct answer-Rate
A naturally occurring event or a planned intervention. - correct answer-An independent
variable might be
Adjusted rate - correct answer-A fictitious summary rate which statistically removes the effect
of a variable, such as age or sex, to permit unbiased comparison between groups having
different compositions with respect to these variables.
Age specific death rate - correct answer-# of deaths for a specific age group/yr divided by
Population estimate at mid year for a specific age group
Age, race, sex, ethnicity, income and educational level. - correct answer-Descriptive
measures of health include;
Agent, Host, and Environment - correct answer-The epidemiological triangle consists of
Among - correct answer-epi
Analytic epidemiology - correct answer-Seeks to identify associations between a particular
disease or health problem and its etiology.
Analytic studies - correct answer-Generates or tests hypotheses or seek to answer specific
questions
Analyze disease development. - correct answer-The epidemiological triangle is used to
Answers to the "how" and "why" of health and
disease to determine causality - correct answer-Analytic studies are directed toward finding
BP screening for hypertension, audiometric testing for hearing impairment, skin test for TB,
and phenylalanine test for phenylketonuria in infancy - correct answer-Examples of
secondary prevention include
Can be retrospective or prospective in design - correct answer-Analytic studies
Can change (e.g. health status, knowledge, and behavior) - correct answer-The dependent
variable
Case control/Retrospective studies (B) - correct answer-Has higher level of proof of causality
than cross sectional studies.
, Characteristics present in a group or population with a disease or the absence of disease in
unaffected groups or populations. - correct answer-Descriptive statistics provide data,
information, and insight into the
Clinical trial - correct answer-An example of an experimental group
Comparison of risk and surveillance - correct answer-Rates allow for
Confounding Variable - correct answer-An extraneous variable that correlates (positively or
negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable.
critical analysis is required to gain further insight into public and community health issues -
correct answer-The epidemiologic process is analogous to the nursing process in that
Cross-sectional (slice of time) or a retrospective (backward looking) study. - correct
answer-Prevalence may be calculated in a
Cross-sectional/Prevalence/Correlation studies (C) in that - correct answer-Temporal
sequence of cause and effect cannot be determined
Crude mortality rate of crude death rate - correct answer-No allowance for age and no
comparisons between populations
Crude rate - correct answer-Rates computed for a population as a whole
Death burden - correct answer-Mortality rates =
Demographics, morbidity/mortality, and incidence/prevalence. - correct answer-Descriptive
data includes
Demography - correct answer-The statistical study of human populations with reference to
size and density, distribution, and vital statistics (literally, writing about the people)
Dependent variable - correct answer-The outcome or result that the investigator is studying.
Descriptive epidemiology - correct answer-Focuses on the distribution of frequencies (states
of health) and patterns of health events with groups in a population.
Detect and treat a problem at the earliest possible stage when disease or impairment already
exist - correct answer-The goal of secondary prevention is to
Determine incidence, causal inferences - correct answer-(RR) Relative risk applies only to
studies that ________and is used to make _________.
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