ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Questions and Answers | New One | Grade A+

What molecules and ions does the mitochondrial inner membrane contain? Ans: • H+ • respiratory electron carriers (complexes I-IV) • ADP-ATP translocase • ATP synthase • other membrane transporters What molecules and ions does the mitochondrial outer membrane contain? Ans: • pyruvate dehydrogenase complex • CAC enzymes • Fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes • AA oxidation enzymes • DNA, ribosomes • ATP, ADP, Pi, Mg2+, K+ • Many soluble metabolic intermediates Give the evolution of the mitochondria Ans: 1. Early anaerobic prokaryotic cell with DNA forms aerobic prokaryote and anaerobic eukaryotic cell lacking mitochondria 2. eukaryotic cell engulfs aerobic prokaryotic cell by endocytosis 3. transfer of genes from prokaryote to nucleus What does each mitochondria contain? Ans: • its own DNA and RNA polyemerases • 12S and 16S ribosomes • tRNA synthases • 4 of 64 different codons Describe mitochondrial RNA polymerase Ans: uses mitochondria-specific RNA polymerase encoded by nuclear gene for transcription of genome What's encoded within mitochondria? Ans: • ribosomal and other proteins required for translation are • mitochondrial gene products that are subunits of protein complexes Describe the encoding of ribosomal proteins and other components Ans: • ribosomal proteins: encoded by nuclear genes, translated in cytoplasm and imported into mitochondria • other components: encoded by nuclear genes and must be transported into the mitochondria to form the final functional protein complex What are cytochromes generally made up of? Ans: proteins + heme prosthetic group