NURS 534 Respiratory EXAM QUESTIONS ACCURATE GRADED A+ (CLEAR DIAGRAM)
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Course
NURS
Institution
NURS
1. Identify the primary structures of the pulmonary system.
**Upper airways, two lungs, lower airways, blood vessels, chest wall, diaphragm**
Conducting Airways include: Trachea divides into the right & left Main Bronchi, then into Lobar
Segmental Bronchi, leading to Terminal Bronchioles that ar...
1. Identify the primary structures of the pulmonary system.
**Upper airways, two lungs, lower airways, blood vessels, chest wall, diaphragm**
Conducting Airways include: Trachea divides into the right & left Main Bronchi, then into Lobar
Segmental Bronchi, leading to Terminal Bronchioles that are the smallest airways without
alveoli. These make up the conducting airways
-Upper airway (Oroph & Nasoph),
- Larynx (Connecting the upper & lower airways)
- Lower Airways
-Two lungs: Primary function is GAS Exchange.
Lungs are cone shaped organs with an Apex (rounded) and a Base (Broader than Apex &
concave in shape) Porous, spongy, highly elastic, filled with 90% air and 10% tissue. The
lower region of the lungs are better ventilated than the upper lungs, because there is a
gradient in ventilation throughout the lungs due to gravity.
The Right lung has three lobes, the UPPER & MIDDLE are separated by a Transverse
fissure. The MIDDLE & and LOWER lobes are separated by an Oblique fissure
The Left lung has 2 lobes, the RIGHT lobe & LEFT lobe which are separated by a GAP
called Oblique Fissure **Left Lung is smaller than the right lung in humans**
Blood vessels (Serving the pulmonary system)
, NURS 534 AD.PHYSIOLOGY
Chest wall (Thoracic cage) includes skin, ribs, & intercostal muscles **contributes to the actual
WORK of breathing **Protects the lungs from injury, it’s muscles, in conjunction with the
diaphragm, perform the muscular work of breathing**
-Pleura is a serous membrane that adheres to the lungs, folds over itself, and firmly attaches
to the chest wall.
-Pleural Space (or Pleural cavity) is the pleura area between the two pleurae. Fluid lubricates
the Pleural Space allowing 2 layers to slide over without separating
-Pressure in the Pleural space is negative or Subatmospheric -4 to -10mm Hg
-Visceral Pleura: membrane covering the lungs
-Parietal Pleura: lining the thoracic cavity
-The Thoracic cavity is contained by the chest wall and encases the lungs
Diaphragm
Carina (Ridge where Trachea divide into the right & left Bronchi
Hila (Where the right & Left Bronchi enter the lungs, along with blood & lymph vessels
Goblet Cells (Produce Mucus)
Cilia (Hair like structures)
**Goblet & Cilia help propel foreign material upward to enable it to be coughed up**
2. Describe the general function of the pulmonary system.
-Ventilate the alveoli
-Diffuse gasses into & out of the blood
-Perfuse the lungs, enabling the organs and tissues of the body to receive oxygen rich
blood that is low in CO2 (we blow out CO2 when we breathe)
3. Differentiate between the upper and lower airways.
Upper: nasopharyngeal & oropharyngeal
larynx
Lower: trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles
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