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AP Biology Crash Course Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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AP Biology Crash Course Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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  • June 18, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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AP Biology Crash Course
Organic Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain carbon; examples include
lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Functional Groups - CORRECT ANSWER-Amino (NH2), Carbonyl (RCOR),
Carboxyl (COOH), Hydroxyl (OH), Phosphate (PO4), Sulfhydryl (SH)

Fat - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Saturated Fat - CORRECT ANSWER-Bad for you; animals and some plants
have it; solidifies at room temperature

Unsaturated Fat - CORRECT ANSWER-Better for you, plants have it; liquefies at
room temperature

Steroids - CORRECT ANSWER-Lipids whose structure resemble chicken-wire
fence; include cholesterol and sex hormones

Phospholipids - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate
group; make up membrane bilayers of cells; have hydrophobic interiors and
hydrophilic exteriors

Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER-Used by cells for energy and structure;
monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), storage
polysaccharides (starch [plants], glycogen [animals]), structural polysaccharides
(chitin [arthropods], cellulose [plant cell walls])

Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-Made with the help of ribosomes out of amino
acids; serve many functions (ex: transport, enzymes, cell signals, receptor
molecules, structural components, and channels)

Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER-Catalytic proteins that react in an induced-fit
fashion with substrates to speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the
activation energy; effectiveness is affected by changes in pH, temperature, and
substrate and enzyme concentrations

,Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhibitor resembles substrate and
binds to active site

Noncompetitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER-Inhibitor binds elsewhere on
enzyme; alters active site so that substrate cannot bind

pH - CORRECT ANSWER-Logarithmic scale
<7 acidic
7 neutral
>7 basic (alkaline)
pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5

Hydrolysis Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Breaks down compounds by adding
water

Dehydration Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Two components brought together,
producing H2O

Endergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Reaction that requires input of
energy

Exergonic Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Reaction that gives off energy

Redox Reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Electron transfer reactions

Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in prokaryotes and plant call eukaryotes;
protects and shapes the cell

Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulates what substances enter and
leave a cell

Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Host for protein synthesis; formed in nucleolus

Smooth ER - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; lipid synthesis,
detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism; no ribosomes on cytoplasmic surface

,Rough ER - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; synthesizes
proteins to secrete or send to plasma membrane; contains ribosomes on
cytoplasmic surface

Golgi - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; modifies lipids, proteins,
etc., and sends them to other sites in the cell

Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; power plant of
cell; hosts major energy-producing steps of respiration

Lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Animal cells; contains enzymes that
digest organic compounds; serves as cell's stomach

Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; Control center of cell;
host for transcription, replication, and DNA

Peroxisome - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; breakdown of fatty
acids, detoxification of alcohol

Chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in plant cells; site of photosynthesis in
plants

Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells; Skeleton of cell;
consists of microtubules (cell division, cilia, flagella), microfilaments (muscle
contraction), and intermediate filaments (reinforcing position of organelles)

Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Eukaryotic cells (small in animal cells,
large in plant cells); storage vault of cells

Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Animal cells; part of microtubule
separation apparatus that assists cell division in animal cells

Fluid Mosaic Model - CORRECT ANSWER-Plasma membrane is a selectively
permeable phospholipid bilayer with proteins of various lengths and sizes
interspersed with cholesterol among the phospholipids

, Integral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins implanted within lipid bilayer of
plasma membrane

Peripheral Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER-Proteins attached to exterior of
membrane

Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-Passive movement of substances down their
concentration gradient (from high to low concentrations)

Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Passive movement of water from the side of low
solute concentration to the side of high solute concentration (hypotonic to
hypertonic)

Facilitated Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-Assisted transport of particles across
membrane (no energy input needed)

Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of substances against
concentration gradient (low to high concentrations; requires energy input)

Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Phagocytosis of particles into a cell through
the use of vesicles

Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Process by which particles are ejected from
the cell, similar to movement in a trash chute

Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycolysis -> Krebs cycle ->
oxidative phosphorylation -> 36 ATP per glucose molecule

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycolysis ->
Regenerate NAD+ -> 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Conversion of 1 glucose molecule into 2
pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH; occurs in the cytoplasm, and in both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration; must have NAD+ to proceed

Total energy production to this point: 2 ATP + 2 NADH

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