Test Bank - Karp's Cell and Molecular Biology, 9th Edition
(Karp, 2020) Chapter 1-18 | All Chapters
Question: Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in
eukaryotic cells?
• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Lysosome
• D. Mitochondrion
• Correct Answer: B. Endoplasmic reticulum
• Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic
cells, both rough ER (with ribosomes attached) and smooth ER (without ribosomes) play
important roles in protein synthesis and modification.
• Question: Which molecule serves as the universal energy carrier in cells?
• A. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
• B. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
• C. RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
• D. NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
• Correct Answer: A. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
• Rationale: ATP is known as the universal energy carrier in cells because it stores and
transfers energy for cellular processes through the hydrolysis of its phosphate bonds.
• Question: Which cellular structure is responsible for sorting, modifying, and packaging
proteins and lipids for transport?
• A. Nucleus
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Peroxisome
• Correct Answer: B. Golgi apparatus
• Rationale: The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from the ER, modifies them,
sorts them, and packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destinations.
• Question: Which of the following cell types lacks a nucleus?
• A. Prokaryotic cells
• B. Eukaryotic animal cells
• C. Eukaryotic plant cells
• D. Fungal cells
• Correct Answer: A. Prokaryotic cells
, • Rationale: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles. Their genetic material is typically in the form of a single
circular chromosome in the cytoplasm.
• Question: During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
• A. G1 phase
• B. S phase
• C. G2 phase
• D. M phase
• Correct Answer: B. S phase
• Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the Synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle,
where the cell duplicates its DNA to prepare for cell division.
• Question: Which organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and
debris?
• A. Lysosome
• B. Peroxisome
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Golgi apparatus
• Correct Answer: A. Lysosome
• Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes
that break down macromolecules and cellular waste materials.
• Question: Which cellular structure is responsible for generating ATP through aerobic
respiration?
• A. Mitochondrion
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Peroxisome
• D. Golgi apparatus
• Correct Answer: A. Mitochondrion
• Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where aerobic respiration occurs
to produce ATP through the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids.
• Question: Which type of molecule functions as a catalyst in biological reactions?
• A. Protein
• B. Lipid
• C. Carbohydrate
• D. Enzyme
• Correct Answer: D. Enzyme
• Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts made up of proteins that accelerate chemical
reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
,• Question: Which process involves the movement of molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration, without the input of energy?
• A. Active transport
• B. Facilitated diffusion
• C. Endocytosis
• D. Exocytosis
• Correct Answer: B. Facilitated diffusion
• Rationale: Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process where molecules move
down their concentration gradient through transport proteins embedded in the cell
membrane.
• Question: Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining cell shape, providing
structural support, and facilitating cell movement?
• A. Cytoskeleton
• B. Cell membrane
• C. Nucleus
• D. Vacuole
• Correct Answer: A. Cytoskeleton
• Rationale: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments (microfilaments,
intermediate filaments, and microtubules) that provides structural support, maintains cell
shape, and facilitates intracellular movement and transport.
• Question 1: Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP production in
eukaryotic cells?
• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Lysosomes
Correct answer: C. Mitochondria
• Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their role in
cellular respiration, where ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is generated through oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Question 2: Which molecule carries genetic information in cells?
• A. DNA
• B. RNA
• C. Protein
• D. Lipid
Correct answer: A. DNA
, • Rationale: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic
information in cells, encoding instructions for the synthesis of proteins and other cellular
components.
• Question 3: Which of the following cellular processes requires energy in the form of ATP?
• A. Diffusion
• B. Osmosis
• C. Active transport
• D. Facilitated diffusion
Correct answer: C. Active transport
• Rationale: Active transport processes, such as the movement of ions or molecules against
their concentration gradient, require energy in the form of ATP to drive these processes.
• Question 4: Which cell organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Nucleus
• C. Ribosome
• D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct answer: C. Ribosome
• Rationale: Ribosomes are the cellular organelles where protein synthesis occurs, using
mRNA (messenger RNA) as a template to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
• Question 5: What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?
• A. Protein synthesis
• B. ATP production
• C. Lipid synthesis
• D. Protein modification and sorting
Correct answer: D. Protein modification and sorting
• Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, and sorts proteins and lipids
synthesized in the cell, preparing them for secretion or delivery to other cellular
locations.
• Question 6: Which cellular structure is responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing
structural support?
• A. Nucleus
• B. Endoplasmic reticulum
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