These documents have been collected from the power points, web assignments, and office hours of Genetics (GEN 3000) taught by Kate Tsai at Clemson University. I received an A in this course.
Study Guide Exam I (Ch 1-5) Ch. 1 a. Model organisms (importance)
-A model organism is an organism eligible for use in studying a specific trait, disease, or processes. -Important because they allow us to understand, and gain insight on the relationship between genes and human health/disease. b. Early theories of hereditary transmission: “Genetics grew out of a historical need” i. Pangenesis, acquired, preformation, epigenesis, blending
Pangenesis: *Proposed by Darwin*
-“Gene”: Where the word genetics comes from -Specific particles in the body carry information to the reproductive organs which is then passed to the embryo during conception. Acquired: *Proposed by the Greeks*
-“Acquired”: essentially learned information/characteristics - Traits collected throughout life, combined with hereditary information and was then passed on. Preformation: *Proposed by De Beer* -The idea that inside the egg or sperm, there is a fully developed human that is just very small and needs to grow. Epigenesis: *Proposed by Caspar Freidrich Wolff* -The idea that your behaviors/environments can cause changes that affect the way that your genes work. -The process in which environmental influences alter genetic expression either negatively or positively. Blending: * Proposed by Mendel* -The idea that the inheritance of traits from two parents produces an offspring with characteristics that are a blend between those of the parents c. Important people & their contributions i. Schwann and Schleiden Theodore Schwann: (1810-1882)
-German physiologist who founded modern histology by defining the cell as the basic unit
of animal structure.
-Co-founder (with Schleiden) of the cell theory -Schwann cells named after him Matthias Schleiden: (1804-1881)
-German botanist and co-founder of cell theory (with Schwann) Cell theory: It says that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and the cell is the basic unit of life. -Cells arise from preexisting cells ii. Darwin Charles Darwin: (1809-1882)
- One of the greatest British scientists who ever lived
-Darwin proposed that species can change over time, that new species come from preexisting species, and that all species share a common ancestor iii. Mendel
Gregor Mendel: (1822-1884)
-Known as the “Father of Genetics”
-Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance and basic principles of heredity (1866)
- He proposed that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent
-He tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
-He crossed pea plants and studies patterns of transmission iv. Flemming
Walther Flemming: (1843-1905)
-A German anatomist and a founder of the science of cytogenetics (the study of the cell's hereditary material, the chromosomes).
-He was the first to observe and describe the behavior of chromosomes in the cell nucleus during normal cell division (mitosis).
-He explained that the nucleus of reproductive cells splits twice, producing four genetically different daughter cells, each containing only one set of chromosomes v. Weismann August Weismann: (1834-1914)
- A German biologist and one of the founders of the science of genetics - Best known for the theory of the “germ plasm” which proposed a segregation between germinal and somatic cells during development, ruling out the possibility that acquired characters could be inherited. “Everything is already there”
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller rebekahwiggins. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
