100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
221 Mod 2.1 - ICP, Meningitis, Brain Tumors & Surgery Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution $7.99   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. All Summer Modules Studies 2024
  4.  
  5. All Summer Modules Studies 2024
  6.  
  7. All summer modules studies 2024

Exam (elaborations)

221 Mod 2.1 - ICP, Meningitis, Brain Tumors & Surgery Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

1 review
 9 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • All summer modules studies 2024
  • Institution
  • All Summer Modules Studies 2024

221 Mod 2.1 - ICP, Meningitis, Brain Tumors & Surgery Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

Preview 3 out of 16  pages

Document information

  • June 19, 2024
  • 16
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • 221 mod 21 icp meningitis brain tumors surg

Written for

  • All summer modules studies 2024
  • all summer modules studies 2024
  • All summer modules studies 2024
All documents for this subject (274)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: EXAMQA • 5 months ago

Seller

avatar-seller
Hkane

Reviews received

Content preview

221 Mod 2.1 - ICP, Meningitis, Brain
Tumors & Surgery
Intracranial pressure (ICP)
Pressure exerted by the brain against the skull
How is ICP measured?
-Intraventricular catheter (aka ventriculostomy)
-Subarachnoid bolt
-Epidural catheter
-Fiber optic transducer catheter




Cerebral perfusion pressure
-Amount of pressure used to provide blood flow to the brain
Monro-Kellie Hypothesis (aka brain-in-the-box)
-The skull contains brain, blood, and CSF
-Any change in any one of these components must be accompanied by a reciprocal
change in one or both of the other components.




Which of the three skull components is the easiest to adjust to reduce ICP?
CSF
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
-Mostly water, + protein, electrolytes, glucose
-Cushions, supports, and nourishes the brain and spinal cord
-Produced in the choroid plexus (4th ventricle)
-Usually 90-200 mL in adults




**Study guide: What is the danger of sustained IICP?
-Decreased cerebral perfusion
-Further edema/swelling
-Shifting brain tissue --> brain herniation --> brainstem death

,**Learning outcome: what is the relationship of BP, ICP, and CPP?
CPP = MAP - ICP
**Learning outcome: what is a normal range for ICP?
**Study guide: What is the goal range for ICP? At what level ICP is intervention
needed?
5-15
-If >20, intervention required
-If >30, compliance is lost, can no longer autoregulate/compensate
-If >40, prognosis is poor
-If >60, almost always fatal
What happens if ICP is equal to MAP?
-Cerebral circulation ceases
-CPP = 0
**Learning outcome: what is a normal range for CPP?
**Study guide: What is the goal range for CPP?
70-100 mmHg
-Goal is to keep CPP >60 or 70 (depending on the source)
What is the danger of having low CPP?
-Inadequate blood flow in the brain
-If CPP <50 mmHg, irreversible neurologic damage occurs
**Study guide: Describe how Blood Pressure (MAP) relates to CPP? How does this
impact the brain?
-MAP must be high enough to overcome ICP in order to perfuse the brain adequately
Autoregulation
-Brain can dilate or constrict blood vessels to maintain constant cerebral blood flow
(CBF) despite changes in systemic blood pressure and CPP
-Maintains CBF within a stable range across a range of MAP values (60-130
mmHg) and CPP values (50-150)
-This mechanism can be impaired in pts with IICP




**Study guide: Early signs of IICP in adults (H&C Chart 61-1)
-Changes in LOC - earliest (e.g. agitation, slowed speech, delayed responses,
restlessness, confusion, drowsiness)

, -Pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements (pressure on oculomotor
and optic nerves)
-Weakness in an extremity or one side of the body
-Constant headache, getting worse, aggravated by movement
**Study guide: Early signs of IICP in infants/children
-Projectile vomiting
-High-pitched cry
-Bulging fontanelles
-Separation of suture lines
Cushing's Triad
1) Elevated SBP, widening pulse pressure
2) Bradycardia
3) Irregular respirations (e.g. Cheyne-Stokes)
**Study guide: Late signs of IICP (H&C Chart 61-1)
-LOC continues to deteriorate until comatose
-May only respond to noxious/painful stimuli
-HR and RR decrease, become irregular, or fluctuate (Cheyne-Stokes)
-BP and temp increase
-Pulse pressure widens
-Projectile vomiting
-Abnormal motor responses (e.g. decortication, decerebration, flaccidity)
-Eventually brain death - loss of all brain stem reflexes
What should a nurse be monitoring to identify IICP?
-GCS
-PERRLA, vision changes
-VS - widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, fever
-Respiratory pattern
-Headache
-N/V
-Urine specific gravity
-Reflexes
**Learning outcome: Apply nursing process for client who is at risk for increased
intracranial pressure and secondary injury prevention
**Study guide: What are nursing care considerations in caring for clients with IICP?
See following...
What is the function of a intraventricular catheter?
-Measures ICP
-Drain blood or CSF
-Administer meds

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Hkane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

71184 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

NURS6531 Final Exam 3. Questions & Answers (Graded A)

$7.99
  • (1)
  Add to cart