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US History 1301 Exam 1/68 Questions with Verified Solutions
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US History 1301 Exam 1/68 Questionswith Verified Solutions
Martin Luther - -a German priest who wrote the 95 Theses, which accused
the church of worldliness and corruption. Wanted to cleanse the church of
abuses such as the sale of indulgences.
-John Calvin - -a French-born Swiss theologian. Calvin taught that the world
was divided between the elect and the damned. All persons sought salvation,
but God had already determined whether one was among the elect destined
to be saved. Idleness and immoral behavior were sure signs of damnation.
This idea was called Predestination.
-Jamestown - -a group of investors pulled their money tighter to invest in an
overseas adventure. Not for religion, freedom, etc. Colonies end up royal.
Jamestown starts off with businessmen. England needs timber - North
America was rich in timber. Investors are looking for a return on their
investment. Looking for personal wealth and adventure - not prepared
though: half are dead after the first winter.
-Joint-stock Company - -a way of pooling financial resources and sharing the
risk of maritime voyages, which proved central to the development of
modern capitalism.
-Virginia Company - -investors who founded Jamestown. Put their money
together in order to invest in an overseas adventure.
-Captain John Smith - -develops a relationship with Powhatan. He takes
control of Jamestown - institutes Marshall Law: work everyday, plant, till, toil
if you want to eat. Jamestown would have gone the way of Roanoke without
John Smith.
-Pocahontas - -married to John Rolfe in 1614. Ended first Powhatan War.
Had a friendship with John Smith.
-John Rolfe - -Pocahontas' husband. Arrives carrying a tobacco plant.
-Plymouth Plantation - -where the Pilgrims first settled in the New World.
-Pilgrims - -arrived at Cape Cod in November 1620. Protestants. Extreme
separatists. Highly unhappy with what is happening in England.
-William Bradford - -the Pilgrim leader.
, -Mayflower Compact - -before they got off the ship, they agreed to conduct
themselves by the laws of God and man. First concern: adhering to law and
order, doing this by choice, not by someone telling them to. Suffer the same
fate as Jamestown - half are dead by the end of the first year.
-Massachusetts Bay Colony - -New England colony established 1630 - Cape
Cod is swallowed up in to this large place.
-'Great Migration' - -large-scale migration of southern blacks during and
after WWI to the north, where jobs had become available during the labor
shortage of the war years.
-Roger Williams - -founded Rhode Island Baptist Church in 1635. Gets
kicked out of RI for questioning church theocracy. Baptist Church is
established.
-Thomas Hooker - -Connecticut 1636 - Kicked out of Massachusetts Bay.
Starts Connecticut. When he leaves, he creates the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut.
-Fundamental Orders - -Blueprint of civil government in Connecticut -
government of the people.
-New Netherlands/New Amsterdam - -primarily commercial ventures that
never really attracted large numbers of colonists.
-William Penn - -proprietor of Pennsylvania.
-Quakers - -followers of Anne Hutchison. Anne was thrown out of
Massachusetts Bay because women had no business interpreting Scriptures
or the Bible. Migrates to Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is created by William
Penn as a Quaker Haven. Quakers are persecuted because they believe in
equality for blacks and women, believed that God was within them. No one
wants anything to do with the Quakers. Did not stay a Quaker Haven. Were
willing to tolerate other beliefs.
-Lord Baltimore - -founded Maryland.
-James Oglethorpe - -founded Georgia colony.
-Navigation Acts - -make money off the colonies.
1. The ships have to be made in England so they can bolster their own flee.
2. Crew has to be at least 75% English for employment. Helps England with
their unemployment issues.
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