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History 1301 Exam 1/116 Questions with 100% Accurate Answers
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History 1301 Exam 1/116 Questions with 100% Accurate Answers
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History 1301 Exam 1/116 Questions with100% Accurate Answers
Land bridge (Beringia) - -Land that connected Asia and North America, which
lead to indian civilizations to migrate and Siberians.
-2 great indian civilizations - ---Aztecs (Mexico) - Monarchy, cleanest cities,
very modern had doctors doing brain surgery, prayed to sun god (sacrifices),
and a very primitive language. --Incas (Peru/Chile) - Spoke at least 20
different languages, used Andes mountains to create a empire into modern
civilization.
-Noble Savages - -Name given to indians by white europeans who never
saw them, was a compliment b/c they we noble/ simple people.
-Filthy Heathen - -Name given to indians by european settlers of N.W, was
not a compliment b/c they ate human flesh.
-Vinland - -What vikings called North America.
-Progress in the art of navigation - -Sailing ships capable of voyages, more
accurate maps, and better weapons. Portugal was closest to N.W. and led
world in ocean technology & map making, yet didn't find the N.W.
-The rise of towns in Europe - -Rose by the growth of urban commerce and
world trade by sea.
-Trade with the Orient(Asia) - -Europeans traveled to Asia to acquire
medicine, silk, jewels, spices, etc. This spawns wealthy merchants to create
stock companies.
-Rise of national states - -Ruled by powerful monarchs who sponsor the
search for foreign riches.
-Western Europe changes in the 15th and 16th century: - -1). Renaissance
→ curiosity → modern science 2). Political - Rise of the nation/state, central
gov't gets money from citizens (tax) for protection to build army/navy. 3).
Technology - Ocean sailing ability + cannon and gun powder, but didn't know
latitude/longitude 4). Motivation - Economic money
-Christopher Columbus - -Born in Italy, went to Spain to show idea to sail
across the Atlantic to Indies to find spices/riches and wanted to spread
christianity, sets sail crew gets tired of him & want to go back but they finally
, find the bahamas (San Salvador), ends up sailing 4 times to N.W and dies
thinking he found water route to Asia.
-Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 - -Drew a line dividing the newly discovered
lands to Spain (west) and Portugal (east) of the line.
-Diffusion of cultures - -Spanish and indians fought a lot but the indians
were no match for the spanish due to better weapons and ships.
-European diseases - -Brought to N.W by europeans and slaves killed many
indian settlers.
-Vasco da Gama - -Portugal explorer that found a water way around Africa
to India/Asia and began trading w/them and Muslims.
-Ferdinand Magellan - -Sailed to Philippines criticized them and gets killed,
is credited for 1st person to circle the globe.
-Amerigo Vespucci - -Landed in South America and said it must be a new
continent, thus given the N.W. it's new name "America"
-Hernando Cortes - -Went from Cuba to Mexico to find gold/glory, led a
expedition that ended the Aztec Empire.
-Huitzilopochtli - -Aztec god of war and sacrifice who guided them to
Tenochititlan.
-Tenochtitlan - -Aztec's capital city now called Mexico City.
-encomienda - -System under which officers of the Spanish conquistadores
gained ownership of Indian land.
-Slaves from Africa in 1503 - -Were brought to New Spain to replace all the
extinct indians.
-New Spain - -Established mostly in N. America by Spanish ruled directly by
the king , had missionaries to convert indians to Catholicism.
-Protestant Reform - -Europeans were willing to die for their beliefs which
intensified national rivalries and challenging Catholic Spain's power.
-Martin Luther - -German theologian who posted his Ninety-five Theses in
protest over the corruption of Catholic officials saying "sinners can be
forgiven by receiving God's grace, not by paying indulgences", this
destroyed the unity of Catholic Europe/ started civil wars.
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