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Peter mayehofer and gerber content
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Molecular Biology and genetics notes for second year bioscience students from the university of surrey.
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Peter Mayehofer – gene control6/11/18
Main regulation happens at rate of transcription
1) What is needed to start transcription
- Exam known as RNA polymerase we have 3 of them. Number 2 is the one that
transcribes all mRNA that encode for protein.
- One is used for ribosome componenet, protein synthesis – bigger molecule
- 3 is used for protein synthesis, ribosome component, tRNA 5sRNA this is usually for
the smaller stuff.
RNA polymerase number 2
- The bacterial one vs the yeast one (eukaryotic) –
- The shape is conserved, its similar so we know its conserved
- It’s a complex of protein and we have 5 main
subunit, two big BETA in bacterial in eukaryotes we
have additional subunit that can be specific to
number two or even shared with others. We have a
multiprotein complex but the main shape is
identical because all of them have the same job.
- Bacterial have 3 too,
How do they work? Free RNA vs the one that’s working.
- Clamp domain: can grab to the DNA, it’s a bit more opened in the free RNA , this
allows the DNA and RNA polymerase to stabile associate.
- Wall domain = bends the incoming DNA and also guides the RNA transcript.
- DNA is double strand and we one to access one of the strands, so the bending helps
to pull the two strands apart
How is RNA poll initiated?
- A defined starting point must be present in the double stranded DNA, this is known
as. PROMOTER (piece of DNA of the sequence which recruits the RNA polymerase
and defines the starting point of transcription)
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