DIT 121 Final Exam | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
What are phytochemicals? Name an example and explain the benefit. - ✔✔compounds found in plant-
derived foods that have biological activity in the body
example: carotenoids - acts as antioxidant - may prevent some cancers
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: A - ✔✔
-promoting vision (retinal)
-protein synthesis and cell differentiation (retinoic acid)
-supporting reproduction and regulating growth (retinol)
-maintains the health of epithelial tissues and skin (retinoic acid)
-Antioxidant in the form of beta carotene
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: D - ✔✔
-actually a hormone
-has binding protein that carries it to another body part to respond
-*bone growth*: assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus
-*tissue support*: immune system, brain, nervous system, pancreas, skin, muscle, cartilage and
reproductive organs
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: E - ✔✔
*-antioxidant*
-body's primary defender against the adverse effects of free radicals
>stop the chain reaction of free radicals from producing more free radicals - protects cell membranes
from destruction
-prevents the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids
-may reduce the risk of heart disease
,>protects LDL again oxidation and reducing inflammation
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: K - ✔✔*-essential for blood clotting-*
-essential for the activation of several proteins: prothrombin - made by liver as a precursor of the protein
thrombin
*-bone metabolism of proteins-*
-without vit ___ *osteocalcin* cannot bind to minerals that normally form bones
What is beta-carotene? Where do we find it? Why is it important in the diet? - ✔✔-one of the
carotenoids
-orange pigment found in plants
-Vitamin A precursor
-We need vitamin A for healthy skin and mucus membranes, our immune system, and good eye health
and vision.
What is the daily recommended intake of water for adults? - ✔✔-8-12 cups a day (adults)
List the major function trace mineral:
Iron - ✔✔-Mostly found in proteins: Hemoglobin /Myoglobin
-Cofactor in oxidation/reduction reactions
-Participates in electron transport chain
-Detoxifies drugs
-Part of tissue enzymes
List the major function of trace mineral:
Zinc - ✔✔-required as a cofactor by more than 100 enzymes
-stabilizes cell membranes and DNA
-strengthens antioxidant against free radicals
-assists in immune function and growth/development
, -essential to normal taste
-wound healing
-reproductive functions
List the major function trace mineral: Chromium - ✔✔-carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
-maintains glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin
What is the DRI for sodium? - ✔✔1,500 mg
What enhances nonheme iron absorption from plants? - ✔✔-MFP factor
-Vitamin C
-Acids
-Sugars
When is vitamin/mineral toxicity most likely to occur? - ✔✔10x RDA
What 2 fat soluble vitamins are considered the most toxic? - ✔✔Vitamin A and D
Describe the "optimum" vitamin/mineral pill. When are supplements needed? - ✔✔-No more than 100%
of the DRI
-Multivitamin/mineral supplement better than single supplements
What vitamin needs an "intrinsic factor" for absorption and why? - ✔✔*Vitamin B 12*
-hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin release vitamin b12 from the proteins it is attached to in
food
-vitamin b12 passes from the stomach to small intestine and binds to stomach secretions
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔a disease characterized by porous and fragile bones
2024 Version
What are phytochemicals? Name an example and explain the benefit. - ✔✔compounds found in plant-
derived foods that have biological activity in the body
example: carotenoids - acts as antioxidant - may prevent some cancers
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: A - ✔✔
-promoting vision (retinal)
-protein synthesis and cell differentiation (retinoic acid)
-supporting reproduction and regulating growth (retinol)
-maintains the health of epithelial tissues and skin (retinoic acid)
-Antioxidant in the form of beta carotene
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: D - ✔✔
-actually a hormone
-has binding protein that carries it to another body part to respond
-*bone growth*: assist in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus
-*tissue support*: immune system, brain, nervous system, pancreas, skin, muscle, cartilage and
reproductive organs
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: E - ✔✔
*-antioxidant*
-body's primary defender against the adverse effects of free radicals
>stop the chain reaction of free radicals from producing more free radicals - protects cell membranes
from destruction
-prevents the oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids
-may reduce the risk of heart disease
,>protects LDL again oxidation and reducing inflammation
Name the primary function fat soluble vitamin: K - ✔✔*-essential for blood clotting-*
-essential for the activation of several proteins: prothrombin - made by liver as a precursor of the protein
thrombin
*-bone metabolism of proteins-*
-without vit ___ *osteocalcin* cannot bind to minerals that normally form bones
What is beta-carotene? Where do we find it? Why is it important in the diet? - ✔✔-one of the
carotenoids
-orange pigment found in plants
-Vitamin A precursor
-We need vitamin A for healthy skin and mucus membranes, our immune system, and good eye health
and vision.
What is the daily recommended intake of water for adults? - ✔✔-8-12 cups a day (adults)
List the major function trace mineral:
Iron - ✔✔-Mostly found in proteins: Hemoglobin /Myoglobin
-Cofactor in oxidation/reduction reactions
-Participates in electron transport chain
-Detoxifies drugs
-Part of tissue enzymes
List the major function of trace mineral:
Zinc - ✔✔-required as a cofactor by more than 100 enzymes
-stabilizes cell membranes and DNA
-strengthens antioxidant against free radicals
-assists in immune function and growth/development
, -essential to normal taste
-wound healing
-reproductive functions
List the major function trace mineral: Chromium - ✔✔-carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
-maintains glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin
What is the DRI for sodium? - ✔✔1,500 mg
What enhances nonheme iron absorption from plants? - ✔✔-MFP factor
-Vitamin C
-Acids
-Sugars
When is vitamin/mineral toxicity most likely to occur? - ✔✔10x RDA
What 2 fat soluble vitamins are considered the most toxic? - ✔✔Vitamin A and D
Describe the "optimum" vitamin/mineral pill. When are supplements needed? - ✔✔-No more than 100%
of the DRI
-Multivitamin/mineral supplement better than single supplements
What vitamin needs an "intrinsic factor" for absorption and why? - ✔✔*Vitamin B 12*
-hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin release vitamin b12 from the proteins it is attached to in
food
-vitamin b12 passes from the stomach to small intestine and binds to stomach secretions
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔a disease characterized by porous and fragile bones
