Exam (elaborations)
CV Surgical (ICU Test 2).
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CV Surgical (ICU Test 2).
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CV Surgical (ICU Test 2)--Ensure IAB is secured to patient's skin. Patient observes complete bed rest with HOB
<30.
--Patient avoids any flexion of the involved hip - ANS-ways to prevent IABP
displacement:
<10 years - ANS-Tissue valve replacements last for _______
Tissue valves also have low __________ which offers patients freedom from anticoags
101 - ANS-persistent temperature elevation > than _______ must be investigated
3 vessel disease
Refractory (unresponsive to therapy) Angina
LM stenosis greater than 50% - ANS-What are the three indications to have a CABG?
30 or less - ANS-For femoral access, HOB is elevated to ______ while sheath is in
place for PCI
40%
PACE, CARDIOVERT AND DEFIBRILLATE - ANS-PPM's can increase CO by ______
AICD (auto implantable cardiovert defibrillator) does what?
5 cm or larger - ANS-An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is usually repaired when a
minimally invasive procedure is not an option and the aneurysm is _____, creating
symptoms, or rapidly expanding.
5 year - ANS-saphenous vein graft can achieve ______ patency with use of statins, anti
platelet agents and smoking cessation
60-80 - ANS-what is the rate control usually set to?
A fib - ANS-What dysrhythmia can mitral valve stenosis cause?
A series of scars are made in the atrial tissue to create an electrical maze that disrupts
the re-entrant pathways and directs the sinus impulse through the AV node -
ANS-explain the maze procedure
, achieve adequate CO
maintain fluid balance - ANS-what symptoms do we control for valvular dysfunction?
Advantages: improved patency rates (CCB to prevent vasospasms), easily harvested
Disadvantages: requires adequate collateral flow, higher rates of vasospasm -
ANS-advantages and disadvantages of radial artery graft:
anti platelet therapy - ANS-Dual oral ______ is prescribed at discharge after a PCI
anti platelet therapy (aspirin and thienopyridine) - ANS-Before PCI procedure, what is a
patient on?
anti platelet therapy with aspirin - ANS-Current standard of PCI care typically includes
dual ________ to avoid stent thrombosis
anticoagulation
young people - ANS-With mechanical valves, all patients require _____ for mechanical
valve replacements forever and are indicated for___
aortic valve regurgitation - ANS-_______ Can occur as a result of rheumatic fever,
systemic HTN, Marfan syndrome, syphilis, rheumatoid arthritis, aging valve tissue, or
discrete subaortic stenosis
aortic valve stenosis - ANS-______ Narrowing of the aortic valve area; can result from
aging, rheumatic valvulitis, or deterioration of a congenital bicuspid valve
aortic valve stenosis - ANS-difference in pressure gradient between LV and aorta is
indicative of?
aortic valvular opening reduced to less than 1.5 cm, with gradient less than 25 mmHg -
ANS-What is mild aortic valve stenosis?
arterial conduit - ANS-what is the conduit of choice for CABG but can't be used for
emergency situations because its hard to harvest?
arterial conduits
15 year - ANS-Use of _____ improved patency rates over VENOUS conduits due to
their ability to resist atherosclerotic development and have a ______ year patency
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