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NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.2.
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NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.2.
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NCSU Bio 240 Klesath Module 1.2Absolute Refractory Period - ANS-- Ensures that each action potential moves in one
direction only
- No stimulus can initiate action potential
Action Potential - ANS-All of none event, AP generated and propagated down axon
without any loss in intensity
Activation State - ANS-channel open, Na+ diffuses in, inactivation gate open, activation
gate open
Anaxonic Neuron - ANS-many dendrites but no axon, help in visual processes
Anterograde Transport - ANS-Moves newly synthesized material toward synaptic knobs
Astrocyte Function (CNS) - ANS--forms barrier around brain capillaries that control what
substances enter brains nervous tissue from blood
-regulate interstitial fluid composition (chemical environment around neurons)
-forms structural framework: strong cytoskeleton helps support nearby neurons
-assist development by secreting chemicals that regulate synapse formation
-occupy space of neurons that have died
Autonomic Motor - ANS-motor output that is not consciously or is involuntarily
controlled; effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
Bipolar Neuron - ANS-a neuron with one axon and one dendrite attached to its soma,
found in limited locations
Brain - ANS-- Site of thoughts and intelligence
- Processes information received and sends messages back to the body
Cell Body (Soma) - ANS-- Contains nucleus and organelles
- Receives signals and transfers them towards the axon hillock region
, Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANS-brain and spinal cord
Conductive Segment - ANS-Propagation of action potential
Dendrites - ANS-- Short, unmyelinated process branching off cell body
- Receive input and transfers these signals to cell body
Depolarization - ANS-The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing
into the cell causing the interior to become more positive.
Endoneurium - ANS-Connective Tissue that surrounds and Socrates individual axons
within fascicles
Ependymal Cell Function - ANS-Lines ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal
cord
Assists in production and circulation of CSF
Epineurium - ANS-Connective Tissue surrounding the outer nerve surface
Ganglion - ANS-A localized cluster of neuron cell bodies, and associated glial cells,
found along the length of the nerves in the PNS
Generation of EPSP - ANS-1. An AP arriving in the presynaptic terminal causes the
release of neurotransmitter.
2. The molecules bind to transmitter-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane.
If Na+ enters the postsynaptic cell through the open channels, the membrane will
become depolarized.
3. The resulting change in the membrane potential, as recorded by a microelectrode in
the cell, is the EPSP.
Generation of IPSP - ANS-1. Neurotransmitter released from presynaptic neurons binds
to postsynaptic neuron receptors, which are either chemically gated K+ channels or
chemically gated Cl- channels, causing them to open.
2. Either K+ flows out of or Cl- flows into the neuron, depending on the type of channel
stimulated.
3. Inside of neuron becomes more negative; called IPSP
4. IPSP moves toward the initial segment
Glial Cells - ANS-non-excitable cells that support and protect the neurons
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