Portage Learning - A&P: Final Exam questions
and answers (verified answers) latest update
2024/2025
Excretion involves what systems?
digestive, respiratory, urinary
The reproductive system is controlled by what other system?
the endocrine system
Name the three steps in cellular respiration.
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport system
What is the purpose of ATP?
energy
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions?
secretion and absorption
Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction?
Superficial
Away from the body surface is what directio n?
deep
Between a more medial and more lateral structure is what orientation?
Intermediate
Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction?
Medial
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body, is
what direction?
Inferior
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In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination?
Why are the hands in this position?
Supination; Because the bones of the forearm (radius/ulna) are uncrossed in the
supinated position
Look at the figure below of th e right hand. A person standing in anatomical
position moves their right wrist laterally towards the radius. What is this action
called (towards label A)?
Radial Deviation
sagittal plane
This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
oblique plane
These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical
planes.
dorsal cavity
This body cavity protects the nervous system.
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.
The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities:
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Parietal
This cavity encloses the heart:
Serosa
The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double
layered membrane called the ________
Synovial fluid
Joints are lined with what?
Middle ear: malleus, incus, stapes
This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them
Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of
surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more
active because relative to its volume its surfac e area is larger than a bigger cell.
With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic
processes to occur faster. Metabolic processes such as transportation of wastes
across the membrane and diffusion can all occur at a faster r ate.
Explain why active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small.
1) Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells. Most are between
1-10 μm (micrometers) in size (about 1/30,000 of an inch); therefore, they are just
visible with the light microscope.
2) The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane
(prokaryotic means "before the nucleus").
3) Prokaryotic cells do not contain many of the internal membrane -bounded
organelles of eukaryotic cells.
Explain the three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
*** RESPIRATORY ****
************************
Three
How many lobes does the right human lung have?
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Respiratory bronchioles and Pulmonary alveoli
In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the:
Label the sections of the upper respiratory system:
Label A - Nasal cavity
Label B - Oral Cavity
Label C - Soft palate
Label D - Epiglottis
Label E - Glottis
Label F - Trachea
Label G - Esophagus
Label H - Tongue
Label the parts of the lungs
A: Larynx
B: Cartilaginous rings of trachea
C: Bronchi (primary)
D: Left lung
E: Bronchioles
Label sections of the posterior larynx:
A: Epiglottis
B: Thyroid cartilage
C: Larynx
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