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Combined Immunology HMX Questions and and answers.
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Combined Immunology HMX____ protects against microbes in the gut - correct answer-IgA
_____ is the foot soldier of the immune system which provides protection against many
microbes - correct answer-IgG
______ protects against worms and allergies - correct answer-IgE
_______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation - correct answer-MHC
_______ protects against invaders in the lungs - correct answer-IgD
_________ is an inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells. Normally, this receptor binds to the
dendritic cell instead of the costimulatory receptor in the ____________ _______________
because of its higher affinity. This will dampen signaling and prevent expansion and
differentiation of CD8+ T cells.
If we give a patient a monoclonal antibody that blocks this receptor, then the dendritic cell
will successfully produce signals 1 and 2 and ultimately allow for clonal _________________
and ___________________. Then, these CD8+ T cells can travel back to the tumor site and
kill the tumor - correct answer-CTLA4
lymph node
expansion
differentiation
_________ is an inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells. The tumor cells in the tissue possess
_________ which binds to the inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells and causes the T cell to
become ______________, which removes its ability to kill.
If we give a patient a monoclonal antibody that can block this inhibitory receptor, then the
tumor cell's ___________ will not be able to bind to the T cell's inhibitory receptor which
means that the CD8+ T cell will NOT become exhausted - correct answer-PD-1
PD-L1
exhausted
PD-L1
__________ _____ _______ _____________ occurs when the cell is stimulated with
antigen and additional signals. When this happens, it becomes an effector T cell. This occurs
in secondary lymphoid organs, like lymph nodes - correct answer-Naive T Cell activation
,__________ ________ bring antigens to lymph nodes because infection can occur
anywhere in the body. This means T cells would have to travel around a huge space before
finding an infection. The ____________ __________ act as a common meeting place for
antigens and T or B lymphocytes - correct answer-Dendritic cells
Lymph nodes
__________ can cause self-antigens to be coated with antibodies which will signal for a
macrophage to bind to the antibody's _____ region. This will cause internalization of the cell
and lead to the lysis of the cell - correct answer-Opsonization
Fc
___________ ____ ________ is an activated T cell which has gained additional functions to
orchestrate an adaptive immune response - correct answer-Effector T cell
___________ ____ _________ are mature T cells that have left the thymus, but have not
been exposed to their specific antigens. They have not undergone clonal selection and
expansion that are triggered by antigen exposure. Professional antigen presenting cells, like
dendritic cells, play a role in the activation of these types of cells. - correct answer-Naive T
cells
___________ ____________ is used to reduce chances of rejection. We can match proteins
of the donor and recipient to see if the recipient has similar proteins as the donor. Identical
proteins are usually found amongst _______________. If there is not a sibling donor with a
perfect match, then we can try to find someone who at least shares some MHC genes. -
correct answer-HLA matching
siblings
___________ _________________ is the chronic pustules that form on the hands and feet -
correct answer-Palmoplantar pustulosis
___________ can cause kidney disease. Auto-antibodies bind to normal DNA which forms
immune complexes. These complexes are made up of ______________, ______________
and ________________ proteins. These complexes have a particular shape and size and
they deposit in the blood vessels. In the kidney, these cause __________________
_________________ (inflammation of the glomerulus) - correct answer-Lupus
antigen
antibody
complement
glomerular nephritis
___________ cells within the bone marrow give the energy needed for blood cells to mature
- correct answer-Fat
,___________ is an X-linked gene and a relatively common immunodeficiency. If this is not
functional, we cannot produce B cells. This is called ___-______________
__________________________. - correct answer-BTK
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
___________ is another name for the human MHC genes - correct answer-HLA (Human
Leukocyte Antigen)
____________ ________________ is a virus that directly damages and kills cells - correct
answer-Cytopathic virus
____________ are molecules on the T cell that bind to the MHC molecule presenting a
peptide antigen to the T cell receptor and which facilitates signaling by the TCR. - correct
answer-Coreceptors
_____________ ______________ is the bottom edge of the rib cage - correct answer-Costal
margin
_____________ are mature immune cells that circulate through blood vessels - correct
answer-Circulating leukocytes
_____________ are substances that are recognized as foreign - correct answer-Antigens
_____________ are the "foot soldiers" of the adaptive immune system - correct
answer-Lymphocytes
_____________ is a cytokine with diverse effects on lymphocytes. It promotes T cell and B
cell proliferation, but it is also required for regulatory T cell survival and function - correct
answer-IL-2
______________ ___________ is the process by which an antigen will find the correct
lymphocyte that recognizes it, thereby selecting the clone. - correct answer-Clonal selection
______________ ____________ ______________ is an effective treatment for psoriasis. It
penetrates the skin and slows growth of affected skin cells - correct answer-Ultraviolet light
phototherapy
______________ ________________ starts with taking blood of a potential recipient and
asking what antibodies are present in the patient's serum that might bind to the blood of a
donor. Then, we can look at the blood of potential donors with different antigens on their
surface. In a lab, we can see if the mixture of a recipient's serum and donor's blood cells
__________________. If this happens, we know it is not a good match. If a donor does not
have antigens that would be killed by the recipients antibodies then we have a
________________ _______________ _______________ - correct answer-Cross matching
agglutinate
, positive cross match
______________ are a type of agglutinin that binds sugars. It has multiple binding sites
which can bind antigens - correct answer-Lectin
______________ are transmembrane proteins that bind to peptides and display them on T
cells - correct answer-MHC
______________ have carbohydrates on their surface, but they differ from one person to
another - correct answer-RBCs
______________ is a broad-acting antiviral drug - correct answer-Ribavirin
______________ is a general feeling of a lack of well-being, discomfort or illness - correct
answer-Malaise
______________ lymphoid organs are lymph nodes, spleen and mucosal lymphoid tissue -
correct answer-Secondary
_______________ ____ ________________ is a T cell disorder where the pancreas
becomes inflamed and insulin production is reduced. Immune cells infiltrate the pancreas
and cause inflammation, damaging beta islet cells, losing endocrine function of the
pancreas. - correct answer-Type I diabetes
_______________ are immune cells in the lymphatic system and are located in the
_____________ ____________ ______________ (i.e. lymph nodes) - correct
answer-Lymphocytes
Secondary lymphoid organs
_______________ is a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver - correct
answer-Hepatitis
________________ _________ initiated inflammation in response to microbes and initiate
adaptive immune responses to microbes (specifically T cell mediated responses). They also
bring antigens to lymph nodes - correct answer-Dendritic cells (DCs)
________________ diversity comes from combining segments of genes (like V, D and J
segments) - correct answer-_________________ diversity comes from the new junction
formed between combined genes. New nucleotides will fill in the space between the genes
and form a junction
________________ immunity is the principal defense mechanism against microbes and
their toxins. It is mediated by antibodies which are produced by ___________ cells. - correct
answer-Humoral
B-cells
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