MICROBIOLOGY - PORTAGE MODULE 2 METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
What is cellular metabolism?
a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
What is an enzyme?
a protein, or group of proteins, that cat...
What is cellular metabolism?
a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to
maintain life
What is an enzyme?
a protein, or group of proteins, that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
What is unique about enzymes?
the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell
What is a cofactor?
a small chemical component, usually metal ions, that assist enzymes during the
catalysis reactions
Do cofactors serve as regulators of chemical reactions?
Yes
In the absence of the proper cofactor what happens?
enzymes are inactive
In the presence of the proper cofactor what happens?
enzymes are active
In order to produce sufficient levels of energy what must microorganisms do?
microorganisms must break down complex nutrients into smaller, manageable (and
useful) subunits
What 3 things must enzymes break down into smaller subunits?
Enzymes must break down proteins, lipids and polysaccharides into their smaller
building-block molecules
Fats or lipids get broken down into what?
glycerol/fatty acids
, Most metabolic processes can be classified as either of what 2 things?
catabolism or anabolism
What is catabolism?
the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
What is anabolism?
the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into
larger complexes
The anabolic process is often used during what?
growth and repair phases of the cell.
What would happen to cells without enzymes?
Without enzymes and their ability to increase the rate of a specific chemical reaction,
these reactions would take too long and exhaust too much energy. If a cell runs out of
energy before the necessary reactions conclude, it dies.
What is the most widely used form of energy in the cells?
adenosine triphosphate or ATP
Compare ATP to ADP
ATP has energy to donate while ADP can accept energy (phosphate group) to become
ATP
How does ATP work and help give the cell energy?
By donating available phosphate groups, ATP transfers energy from catabolic (breaking
down) reactions to be used for anabolism (building up). This process of donating and/or
accepting energy is what fuels a cell to carry out the necessary biochemical reactions
for survival.
The way in which microbes produce ATP, specifically the starting source of
electrons, tells us what?
It can also be used as a means to further differentiate and characterize microorganisms
How does a Phototroph acquire energy?
It acquires energy from photons of light to generate ATP from ADP
How does a chemotroph acquire energy?
It acquires energy from preformed (already existing) chemicals found in the environment
What are the two types of chemotrophs?
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