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2023 ATI Pharmacology Proctored Retake 1 Exam 70 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (twelve piont)
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2023 ATI Pharmacology Proctored Retake 1 Exam 70 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Contents好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
Chapter Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
科技与社会的深远影响
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
科技提升生活质量
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4)
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文： DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
科技与社会的深远影响
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
科技提升生活质量
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
科技与社会的深远影响
Multiple choice questions
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
Multiple choice questions
, 5
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
科技与社会的深远影响
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
of new drug development
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics”
科技提升生活质量include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug 了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
action
c) Excretion of substances
器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through 科技与社会的深远影响
the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
renal tubules
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
b) Transport without energy consumption
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through科技提升生活质量
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
and hepatic first-pass effect
了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
c) Rectal 及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
d) Intraduodenal
讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual 活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
科技与社会的深远影响
Multiple choice questions
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
Multiple choice questions
, 6
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular
科技与社会的深远影响
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal 科技提升生活质量
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation
首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
more rapid response than oral administration
器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
injected
讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
科技与社会的深远影响
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
b) False
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
b) Cell membranes 物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of科技提升生活质量
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree 首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution 过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
to a body weight
了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a 变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
substance in plasma
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
科技与社会的深远影响
Multiple choice questions
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
Multiple choice questions
, 好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文： 7
a) True
b) False
科技与社会的深远影响
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble 我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
d) Less lipid soluble
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 科技提升生活质量
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight
首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration 讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation 好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
d) Binding to plasma proteins
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
科技与社会的深远影响
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
发生深刻的变化。从工业革命开始，人类进
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
入了一个崭新的时代。如今，信息技术、生
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
物技术和新能源技术的突破，正不断改变着
d) Solubilization in lipids
我们的生活方式、工作模式和社会结构。
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
科技提升生活质量
d) Hydrolysis
首先，科技极大地提升了我们的生活质量。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
过去，人们依赖于体力劳动和简单的机械设
c) Hydrolysis 备，如今，自动化和智能化设备让我们解放
d) Methylation
了双手。智能家居系统、无人驾驶汽车、机
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 器人助手等新技术不断涌现，使得日常生活
b) False 变得更加便捷和高效。例如，智能手机的普
及，使我们能够随时随地获取信息、进行通
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 讯和娱乐。这些技术的进步，不仅提高了生
b) Enlarged 活效率，也增加了我们的幸福感。
c) Remained unchanged
d) Changed insignificantly
好的，这是一个1000字左右的中文短文：
科技与社会的深远影响
Multiple choice questions
随着科技的迅猛发展，社会的各个方面都在
Multiple choice questions
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