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NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology Midterm Exam (WCU) @Question And Answers
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NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology Midterm Exam (WCU) @Question And Answers
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环境保护与科技Contents
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
Chapter 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问 Pages
(1) 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
环境保护与科技
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
环境保护与科技
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 环境保护与科技 DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
(5) 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
环境保护与科技
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
环境保护与科技
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
Multiple choice questions
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
Multiple choice questions
, 环境保护与科技
5
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug环境保护与科技
therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics”
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
include?
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 环境保护与科技
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
05. What kind of substances
a) Lipid-soluble
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
b) Non-ionized substances
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 环境保护与科技
renal tubules
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
b) Transport without energy consumption
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
the brain-blood barrier
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance 环境保护与科技
obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
d) Intraduodenal 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
环境保护与科技
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
Multiple choice questions
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
Multiple choice questions
, 环境保护与科技
6
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
b) Oral 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
12. What is characteristic of新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect ，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to环境保护与科技
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
b) Oral 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of环境保护与科技
the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be injected
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
b) False 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 环境保护与科技
b) False
20. Biological barriers include此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
all except:
a) Renal tubules
b) Cell membranes 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
c) Capillary walls 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
d) Placenta
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
a drug
b) Meningitis
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree 好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
环境保护与科技
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
d) A daily dose of drug
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
环境保护与科技
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
Multiple choice questions
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
Multiple choice questions
, 环境保护与科技
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的 7
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
a) True
b) False
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
25. 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
环境保护与科技
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble 此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
b) Water soluble 题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
环境保护与科技
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration 此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
d) Binding to plasma proteins
影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism
环境保护与科技
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
b) Reduction ，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis 环境保护与科技
d) Methylation
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
b) False 要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 新的环境挑战。例如，电子产品的广泛使用
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged ，导致电子垃圾的增加，对环境造成了负面
c) Remained unchanged 影响。如何在科技进步的同时，做到环境友
d) Changed insignificantly
好，是我们必须面对的一个重要问题。
环境保护与科技
此外，科技的发展对环境保护也提出了新的
要求。尽管新能源技术的发展为解决环境问
Multiple choice questions
题提供了新的途径，但科技本身也可能带来
Multiple choice questions
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