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RN ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM 2023 WITH NGN (twelve piont)
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RN ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM 2023 WITH NGN
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总结Contents
Chapter 总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的 Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR走得更加稳健和长远。
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
总结
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC走得更加稳健和长远。
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 总结 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 走得更加稳健和长远。
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID, STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC总结& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
走得更加稳健和长远。
总结
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
Multiple choice questions
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
Multiple choice questions
, 总结
5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
of new drug development
02. 推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on走得更加稳健和长远。
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
总结
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
c) Excretion of substances
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
走得更加稳健和长远。
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
总结
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
renal tubules
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
b) Transport without energy consumption
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding走得更加稳健和长远。
degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 总结 in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption ，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
and hepatic first-pass effect
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
c) Rectal 、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
d) Intraduodenal
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual 。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
走得更加稳健和长远。
总结
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
Multiple choice questions
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
Multiple choice questions
, 总结
6
b) Oral 总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular ，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
12. What is characteristic of。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
b) A drug is exposed to。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
走得更加稳健和长远。
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal 总结
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions 、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops 。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
slower, than at oral administration
走得更加稳健和长远。
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False
总结
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
b) False
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
b) Cell membranes 推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
走得更加稳健和长远。
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in总结 the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose ，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
to a body weight
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
走得更加稳健和长远。
总结
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
Multiple choice questions
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
Multiple choice questions
, 总结
7
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
a) True
b) False ，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
25. 。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
走得更加稳健和长远。
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 总结
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 走得更加稳健和长远。
(phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances
总结 due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
d) Binding to plasma proteins
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
32. Conjugation is:
能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
d) Solubilization in lipids
。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 走得更加稳健和长远。
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 总结
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
c) Hydrolysis ，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
d) Methylation
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 真思考并解决其中的问题，确保科技的发展
b) False 能够真正造福全人类。在这个过程中，政府
、企业、学术界和公众都应积极参与，共同
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 推动科技向着更加健康、可持续的方向发展
b) Enlarged 。只有这样，我们才能在科技进步的道路上
c) Remained unchanged
走得更加稳健和长远。
d) Changed insignificantly
总结
总之，科技的发展对社会的影响是全方位的
，既带来了巨大的机遇，也提出了新的挑战
Multiple choice questions
。我们需要在享受科技带来便利的同时，认
Multiple choice questions
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