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NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Question Bank (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain

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NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam Question Bank (Latest 2024 / 2025): Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals - Chamberlain

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  • June 23, 2024
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Contents
人工智能的发展与挑战
Chapter Pages
(1) 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR人工智能的发展与挑战
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29

(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS人工智能的发展与挑战
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
(4) ORGANOTROPIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 人工智能的发展与挑战 DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT人工智能的发展与挑战
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
PART I ANTIBIOTICS ....................................................................................................................................................
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
Multiple choice questions
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
Multiple choice questions

, 5
人工智能的发展与挑战
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
01. Pharmacokinetics is: 技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics”
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes
人工智能的发展与挑战
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics”
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug 似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
action
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
人工智能的发展与挑战
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
05. What kind of substances
a) Lipid-soluble
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
b) Non-ionized substances
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 人工智能的发展与挑战
renal tubules
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
d) Transport against concentration gradient
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood
b) Amount of a substance 人工智能的发展与挑战
obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
d) Intraduodenal 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
Multiple choice questions
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
Multiple choice questions

, 6
人工智能的发展与挑战
b) Oral
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
12. What is characteristic of技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
b) Absorption depends 变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
on GI tract secretion and motor function
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
人工智能的发展与挑战
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
c) Sublingual 技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
d) Inhalation
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 人工智能的发展与挑战
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
b) False 变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 人工智能的发展与挑战
b) False
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
d) Placenta 变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis 似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
c) Absence of pores in面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose人工智能的发展与挑战
of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:


人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
Multiple choice questions
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
Multiple choice questions

, 人工智能的发展与挑战 7
a) True
b) False 人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized 面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble 人工智能的发展与挑战
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
c) Low molecular weight技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
d) High molecular weight
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
人工智能的发展与挑战
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
30. Metabolic transformation (phase 1) is:
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
d) Binding to plasma proteins
似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
人工智能的发展与挑战
32. Conjugation is:
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation 似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
d) Hydrolysis 面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation 人工智能的发展与挑战
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation
人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
b) False
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用无处不在，其潜力
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged 似乎无限。然而，随着技术的进步，我们也
c) Remained unchanged 面临着一系列的挑战和道德考量。
d) Changed insignificantly

人工智能的发展与挑战

人工智能（AI）作为当今世界最炙手可热的
技术之一，正在以前所未有的速度和规模改
Multiple choice questions
变我们的生活。从智能手机上的语音助手到
Multiple choice questions

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