首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的
Contents
影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊
Chapter Pages
断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测
的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) 和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL 分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智
ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON 数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING 助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发
ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域， TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
(5) 整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，
METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC &提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业
PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC & ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN -LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
, 首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的
5
影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。
therapy
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal 展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，
agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，
b) Transport without energy consumption
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业
d) Transport against concentration gradient
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各
a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance
b) Permeability through 行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters 而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地
of blood
辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业
d) Intraduodenal 带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual 生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救
更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学
习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。
在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营
销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的
决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Multiple choice questions
深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准
Multiple choice questions
, 首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的
6
影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊
b) Oral
c) Intravenous 断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在
d) Intramuscular
12. What is characteristic of教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect
的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
b) A drug is exposed to 人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病
prominent liver metabolism
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral 域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过
分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗
d) Is too slow for emergency use
16. What is characteristic of领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定
the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和
d) The action develops slower, than at oral administration
进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False 数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，
slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个
b) False
性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，
b) Cell membranes
c) Capillary walls 提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业
d) Placenta
做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从
the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution 而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学
to a body weight
内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医
生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学
习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。
在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营
销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的
决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了
Multiple choice questions
深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准
Multiple choice questions
, 首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的
影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊 7
a) True 断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在
b) False
教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
的学习风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
AI通过分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the的准确性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，
drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
人工智能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble 在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病
d) Less lipid soluble
和制定治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble
b) Water soluble 域，AI能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习
c) Low molecular weight
风格和进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过
d) High molecular weight
分析大数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation性，帮助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智
results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation能的发展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
领域，AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
治疗方案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
d) Intensify the unwanted能够个性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和
reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 进度调整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大
(phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
数据，提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
助企业做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发
d) Binding to plasma proteins
展给各行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
AI可以帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方
c) Easier distribution in organism
案，从而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is:
性化地辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
整教学内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids提高了市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 做出更明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation 行各业带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以
d) Hydrolysis
帮助医生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation 而拯救更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis 辅助学习，根据学生的学习风格和进度调整教学
d) Methylation
内容。在商业领域，AI通过分析大数据，提高了
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 市场营销和销售预测的准确性，帮助企业做出更
b) False
明智的决策。首先，人工智能的发展给各行各业
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased
带来了深远的影响。在医疗领域，AI可以帮助医
b) Enlarged 生更准确地诊断疾病和制定治疗方案，从而拯救
c) Remained unchanged
更多生命。在教育领域，AI能够个性化地辅助学
d) Changed insignificantly
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