Bio 181 Exam Ch. 12, 13, 14 Review Questions and Answers

what is binary fusion? The chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication) and two daughter chromosomes actively move apart In what kind of organisms does binary fission occur? Prokaryotic cells and unicellular protozoa (only some, not all) What are the roles of mitosis? Growth, reprodution, and Damage repair In which cells mitosis occurs? root and shoot apices of plants, In eukaryotes, Somatic cells (vegetative cells) What are the phases in mitosis? prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase What happens during prophase of mitosis? nuclear envelope degenerates, nucleus disappears, chromosomes become condensed What happens during prometaphase of mitosis? DNA condenses, nuclear envelope degenerates, spindle fibers tighter, polar fibers extend from the poles to true equatorial plate What happens during metaphase of mitosis? chromosomes have moved to the center of the cell, chromosomes align in single file on the metaphase plate What happens during anaphase of mitosis? DNA is duplicated allowing chromosomes to separate, chromatids separate, migrate to separate poles (own daughter chromosomes), fibers shorten What happens during telophase of mitosis? completes mitosis, a membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, nuclei reappears, spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes uncoil (invisible again), two daughter cells interphase What is cytokinesis? follows mitosis, cell divides into two daughter cells How does cytokinesis occur in a plant cell? plate formation How does cytokinesis occur in an animal cell? cleavage