PARAMEDIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
PARAMEDIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
interstitial Fluid
extracellular fluid in most tissues
cytoplasm
A cell membrane seperates the cell contents, from the extracellular fluid.
nucleus
The cytoplasm surrounds th...
PARAMEDIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
interstitial Fluid
extracellular fluid in most tissues
cytoplasm
A cell membrane seperates the cell contents, from the extracellular fluid.
nucleus
The cytoplasm surrounds the ________, which is the control center for cellular
operations.
Cytosol, Oraganelles
The cytoplasm can be subdivided into a liquid called ______ and intracellular structures
known as __________.
Plasma Membrane
The outer boundary of the cell is formed by a cell membrane or, ____________
Physical Isolation, Regulation of exchange with the environment, sensitivity,
structural support
Functions of the cell membrane
Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
the cell membrane contains
Phospholipids
Major components of cell membranes
Lipid soluble molecules
_________ and compounds such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to cross the
lipid portion of a cell membrane, but ions and water soluble compounds cannot.
Proteins
,Membrane _________ may function as receptors, channels, carriers, enzymes,
anchors, or identifiers.
Permeability
_________of the cell membrane is the property that determines precisely which
substances can enter or leave the cytoplasm.
Impermeable
If nothing can cross a membrane, it is describe to be _____.
Selectively permeable
Cell Membranes are ________, permitting the free passage of materials and restricting
the passage of others.
Passive
Processes move ions or molecules across the cell membrane without any energy
expenditure by the cell.
Active
Processes require that the cell expend energy, usually in the form of adenosine
triphosphate ATP
Diffusion
is the net movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an
area of relatively low concentration.
Concentration Gradient
Difference between the high and low concentrations
moving across, channel protein
An ion or molecule can independently diffuse across a cell membrane by __________
the lipid portion of the membrane or by passing through a _____________in the
memebrane.
Membrane Channels
Ions and most water soluble compounds are not lipid-soluble, so they must pass
through _______ to enter the cytoplasm.
Osmosis
Water flows across a membrane toward the solution that has the higher concentration of
solutes, because that is where the concentration of water is lower.
,Osmotic Pressure
of a solution is an indication of the forcce of water movement into that solution as a
result of solute concentration.
Hydrostatic Pressure
Pushing against a fluid generates
Isotonic
solution is one that does not cause a net movement of water into or out of a cell.
Hypotonic Solution
When a red blood cell is placed in a _________, water will flow into the cell, causing it
to sweel up like a balloon and possibly burst.
Filtration
Occurs across the walls of small blood vessels, pushing water and dissolved nutrients
into the tissues of the body.
Carrier Mediated Transport
membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substrates and carry them across the
cell membrane.
Facilitated Diffusion
Many essential nutrients, including glucose and amino acids, are insoluble in lipids and
too larger to fit through membrane channels. However, these compounds can be
passively transported across the membrane by carrier proteins.
Active Transport
The high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules
across the membrane.
Homeostasis
A major function of exchange pumps is to maintain cell ________.
Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrying
solutions contain hemoglobin that has been extracted from red blood cells, washed,
filtered, and then chemically joined into a chain through a process called polymerization.
Receptor mediated Endocytosis
involves the formation of small vesicles at the membrane surface to import selected
substances into the cell.
, Phagocytosis
"cell eating", produces vesicles containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell
itself.
Exocytosis
In _________, a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and
discharges its contents into the extracellular enviroment.
Cytosol
Cytoplasm contains ___________, the intracellular fluid which contains dissolved
nutrients, ions, soluble and insoluble proteins, and waste products.
Organelles
are internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure,
maintenance, and metabolism.
Cilia
are relatively long, slender extensions of the cell membrane that move fluids or
secretions across the cell surface.
Lysosome
are vesicles filled with digestive enzymes that perform cleanup and recycling functions
within the cell.
Peroxisome
absorb and break down fatty acids and other organic compounds, generating hydrogen
peroxide(H2O2), a potentially dangerous free radical.
Mitchondria
are small organelles that provide energay for the cell.
Glycolysis, pyruvic acid
In the energy production reaction sequence, call _____, six carbon glucose molecules
are broken down into three carbon pyruvic acid molecules.
Aerobic metabolism, cellular respiration
Because the key reactions involved in mitochondrial activity consume oxygen, the
process of mitochondrial energy is known as _________.
mitosis
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