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XI Zoo New Chapter-07 Structural Organisation in Animals (Assertion and Reason Statements)
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XI Zoo New Chapter-07 Structural Organisation in Animals (Assertion and Reason Statements)
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XI_Zoo_New Chap-07 Structural Organisation in Animal (Assertion and Reason Statements)XI_ZOOLOGY_NEW_CHAPTER-07: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS _ A&R TEST ITEMS
# Correct Assertion Correct Reason
Introduction
In multicellular animals, basic functions are carried These cells work in an organized manner, exhibiting a division
1
out by different groups of cells. of labor.
Similar cells, along with intercellular substances, form This organization is essential for efficient and coordinated
2
tissues in multicellular animals. activities of millions of cells.
Cells, tissues, organs, and systems demonstrate Each component has specialized functions, ensuring the body's
3
division of labor in the body. survival and efficient functioning.
Tissues are groups of cells with intercellular Epithelial tissues, for instance, line surfaces, ducts, and tubes,
4
substances performing specific functions. exhibiting structural and functional connections at junctions.
All complex animals consist of four basic types of These tissues are organized to form organs, exhibiting
5
tissues. discernable evolutionary trends.
Organs form systems when they perform common This collaboration contributes to the survival of the body as a
6 functions through physical and/or chemical whole.
interactions.
Organs associate to form organ systems in This organization is essential for efficient and better-
7
multicellular organisms. coordinated activities of millions of cells in an organism.
Each organ in the human body is made of one or more For example, the heart consists of epithelial, connective,
8
types of tissues. muscular, and neural tissues.
7.2 FROGS; 7.2.1 Morphology
Frogs can live both on land and in freshwater and They are cold-blooded or poikilothermic, adapting their body
9
belong to class Amphibia of phylum Chordata. temperature to the environment.
Frogs change color, exhibiting mimicry to hide from Protective coloration, known as mimicry, allows frogs to blend
10
enemies. with their surroundings.
Frogs undergo summer sleep (aestivation) and winter Seeking shelter in burrows during extreme heat (aestivation)
11 sleep (hibernation) to escape extreme temperatures. and cold (hibernation) protects frogs.
Frog's skin is smooth, slippery, and moist due to The dorsal side is olive green with dark spots, while the ventral
12 mucus. side is uniformly pale yellow. Frogs absorb water through their
skin.
The body of a frog is divisible into head and trunk; Nostrils, bulged eyes with a nictitating membrane, and a
13
lacks neck and tail. membranous tympanum for hearing are present.
Frogs have forelimbs and hind limbs for swimming, Hind limbs, larger and muscular, end in five digits with webbed
14
walking, leaping, and burrowing. feet for swimming. Forelimbs end in four digits.
Male frogs exhibit vocal sacs and a copulatory pad on Vocal sacs and copulatory pad are distinctive features in male
15
the first digit of forelimbs, absent in females. frogs.
7.2.2 Anatomy
The body cavity of frogs accommodates various organ These systems, including digestive, circulatory, respiratory,
16 systems. nervous, excretory, and reproductive, exhibit well-developed
structures and functions.
Frog's digestive system has a short alimentary canal The mouth opens into the buccal cavity, leading to a short
17 due to its carnivorous nature. intestine; digestion involves HCl, gastric juices, bile, and
pancreatic enzymes.
Frogs respire through various organs depending on Cutaneous respiration occurs in water through the skin, while
18 the environment, using both aquatic and pulmonary pulmonary respiration involves air entering through nostrils
respiration methods. into the lungs on land.
Frogs have a well-developed closed vascular system The heart has three chambers, sinus venosus, vena cava,
19
involving the heart, blood vessels, and blood. arteries, and veins ensure efficient circulation of blood.
Frog's excretory system comprises kidneys, ureters, Kidneys, with uriniferous tubules, eliminate nitrogenous waste
20 cloaca, and urinary bladder. as urea; ureters act as urinogenital duct opening into the cloaca.
Frog's control and coordination involve both neural Hormones from endocrine glands like pituitary, thyroid,
21 and endocrine systems. pancreas, and gonads coordinate various organs, ensuring
chemical communication.
Frog's nervous system includes central (brain, spinal The brain, divided into forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain,
22 cord), peripheral (cranial, spinal nerves), and coordinates with sensory organs, providing efficient control.
autonomic parts.
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