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PEDIATRIC ARDMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PEDIATRIC ARDMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PEDIATRIC ARDMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 Name the 6 cranial bones. - ANSWER Frontal, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid Which cranial bone is the "batwing" shaped bone? - ANSWER Sphenoid Name the 5 major sutures of the skull - ANSWER Coronal suture Frontal/Metopic suture Lambdoidal suture Sagittal suture Squamosal suture What bones form the coronal suture? - ANSWER Frontal and parietal What bones form the frontal/metopic suture? - ANSWER The 2 frontal bones What bones form the lambdoidal suture? - ANSWER Occipital and parietal What bones form the sagittal suture? - ANSWER The 2 parietal bones What bones form the squamosal suture? - ANSWER Temporal and parietal Whats the difference between craniosynostosis and cloverleaf skull? - ANSWER Craniosynostosis - premature fusion of the lambdoidal, coronal, and sagittal sutures. ---- May lead to microcephaly and secondary microcephaly. Cloverleaf skull - premature fusion of the coronal and lambdoidal sutures. ---- Trilobed skull appearance ---- Children die in infancy and have profound mental deficiencies. Name the fontanelles of the skull - ANSWER Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle Mastoid fontanelle Sphenoid fontanelle Where is the anterior fontanelle located? - ANSWER Junction of the 2 frontal bones and 2 parietal bones Where is the posterior fontanelle located? - ANSWER Junction of the 2 parietal bones and the occipital bones Where is the mastoid fontanelle located? - ANSWER Junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital bones Where is the sphenoid fontanelle located? - ANSWER Formed by the frontal bone, anterior tip of the parietal bone and temporal bone and the greqater wing of the sphenoid bone. Name the divisions of the brain - ANSWER Prosencephalon -- Telencephalon and diencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon -- Metencephalon and myelencephalon Spinal cord What are the regions of the brain? - ANSWER Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Describe the gyri of the brain. - ANSWER The folds / convolutions of the brain on the cerebrum. They are hypoechoic sonographically. Describe the sucli of the brain. - ANSWER The grooves that separate the gyri. They are echogenic sonographically. Describe the sulci and gyri in premature infants. - ANSWER Premature infants have less sulci due to normal sucal development occuring between 32 and 40 weeks gestation. Describe the sucli and gyri in term infants. - ANSWER The sulci and gyri are more prominent in term infants. Term infants with absence of sulci may have cerebral edema or an infection. Name the major gyrus. - ANSWER Cingulate gyrus Where is the cingulate gyrus (major gyrus) located? - ANSWER It partially wraps around the corpus callosum, posterior to the cingulate sulcus and the callosal marginal artery is within it. What is the appearance of the cingulate gyrus? - ANSWER Hypoechoic What are other important gyri other than the major gyrus? - ANSWER Precentral Postcentral Hippocampal gyri Name the major sulcus. - ANSWER Central sulcus - Main sulcus AKA sulcus / fissure of Rolando Where is the major sulcus located? - ANSWER Separates the frontal and parietal lobes What are other important sulci other than the major sulcus? - ANSWER Parietal -Occipital sulcus - carries the PCA (posterior cerebral artery) Cingulate sulcus - carries the callosal marginal artery Calcarine sulcus What are two main fissures of the brain? - ANSWER Interhemispheric fissure Lateral fissure Describe the interhemispheric fissure. - ANSWER AKA longitudinal fissure. Separates the right and left lobes of the brain. Describe the lateral fissure. - ANSWER AKA sylvian fissure.The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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