AP Botany
Root system- ✅✅ All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb
and transport minerals and water, and store food.
Shoot System- ✅✅ The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems,
leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers.
Root-✅✅ An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it
to absorb water and minerals from the soil and stores carbohydrates
Taproot- ✅✅ A main vertical root that develops from an embryonic root
and gives rise to lateral (branch) roots.
Fibrous root system- ✅✅ A root system common to monocots consisting of
a mat of thin roots spreading out below the soil surface.
adventitious-✅✅ a plant organ that grows in an unusual location such as
roots coming from stems or leaves
✅✅
root hairs- tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of
the root allowing it to absorbs more water and nutrients
mycorrhizal associations- ✅✅ symbiotic interactions with soil fungi that
increase a plant's ability to absorb minerals
Stem- ✅✅ organ to which leaves are attached to and elongates and
orients the shoot in a way that maximizes photosynthesis
Nodes- ✅✅the points at which leaves are attached
internodes-✅✅the stem segments between nodes
Apical bud-✅✅composed of developing leaves and a compact series of
nodes and internodes where growth of a young shoot is concentrated
, Leaf-✅✅ main photosynthetic organ but also exchanges gas with the
atmosphere, dissipate heat and defend against herbivores and pathogens
✅✅The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
petiole-
Veins-✅✅the vascular tissue of leaves
Dermal tissue system-✅✅the plant's outer protective covering; forms the
first line of defense against physical damage and pathogens
cuticle- ✅✅ A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts
as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
Vascular tissue system- ✅✅ facilitates the transport of materials through
the plant and provides mechanical support
Xylem- ✅✅ type of vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved
minerals upward from roots into the shoots
Phloem- ✅✅vascular tissue that transports sugars, products of
photosynthesis from where they are made to where they are needed
✅✅The vascular tissue of a stem or root.
Stele-
ground tissue system-✅✅Plant tissues that are neither vascular nor
dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis,
and support.
Parenchyma cells- ✅✅ thin and flexible cell walls with a large central
vacuole which perform most of the metabolic function and synthesize and
store organic products
collenchyma cells- ✅✅ elongated cells with irregularly thick cell walls that
provide support and structure to young parts of the plant shoot
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