KIN 375 Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity 4 KIN 375 Exam 2 LATEST 2024 FALL -SPRING GRADED A+ Q&A UNCG (GURANTEED PASS) Work Force x Distance Power (Force x Distance) / Time OR Work/Time *measured in W Ergometry Measurement of work output (erg = work) What is the incline of a treadmill expressed in? Percent grade Direct calorimetry Measurement of heat production as an indication of metabolic rate; commonly measured in calories KIN 375 Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity 4 Calorimeter Measures gain of heat given off when transferred to water 1 Met Standard resting metabolic equivalent (VO2 = 3.5 ml°kg -1°min is equal to normal resting value) Energy cost of horizontal treadmill walking or running O2 requirement increases as a linear function of speed What does running demonstrate? Twice the slope as walking What is the relationship between work rate & VO2 for cycling? Positive linear increase with VO2 vs. workload in watts Efficiency Decreases as work rate increases Muscle fiber type recruitment - Recruiting slow -twitch fibers results in higher efficiency in muscles - Recruiting more fast -twitch fibers results in less efficiency (happens at higher exercise intensities) KIN 375 Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity 4 What is the relationship between energy expenditure and work rate? Higher work rate means there is a +/ - curvilinear relationship with an increase in energy work. Thus, less efficiency People with a lower % of fast -twitch fibers will have a ______ Lower cadence Net Efficiency The ratio of work performed divided by the energy expended above rest, and is expressed as a percentage Fast-twitch fibers (type II) Give more force but are less efficient Running Economy - measurement of O2 cost of running at any given speed - lower V O2 at same speed indicates better running economy (less fast -twitch fibers used) Individual differences in running economy Elite runners are ~10% more economical compared to less trained runners Running economy based on gender Very little difference at similar running speeds KIN 375 Physiology of Sport and Physical Activity 4 Trained runners (both male & female) Have similar running economy Central Nervous System (CNS) Located inside cell bodies in the brain & spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Located inside cell bodies in neurons that are outside the CNS 2 divisions of PNS: 1. Sensory division: afferent fibers transmit impulses from receptors to CNS 2. Motor division: efferent fibers transmit impulses from CNS to effector organs S.A.M.E. Sensory = Afferent, Motor = Efferent Relationship of CNS & PNS Some nerves are in central AND peripheral, so it is where the cell body is located The nervous system is: The body's means of perceiving & responding to both internal and external inputs
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