JRN 430 Final
% that go to trial v. % that plea - correct answer-10% trial. 90% plea bargain.
14th Amendment - correct answer-Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and
are guaranteed equal protection of the laws. Due Process (govt. can't impinge on 1st
amendment rights).
3 Main Branches of Ethics - correct answer-1. META Ethics (broad)
2. Normative Ethics (theoretical rules)
3. Applied Ethics (problem-solving branch) (ethics codes)
4 Major Privacy Torts - correct answer-1. Disclosure of Private Facts
2. Intrusion
3. False Light
4. Appropriation
5 Core Principles of Journalism in the U.K. - correct answer-1. Truth & Accuracy
2. Independence
3. Impartiality
4. Humanity
5. Accountability
5 Warrants of Confidential Sources (RealKritik video) - correct answer-1. Confidentiality of
sources as human right
2. Journalism as a profession
3. National security trumps individual rights
4. Confidentiality hurts public trust (anonymity hurts credibility)
5. Definition of the freedom of the press
9 Exemptions of FOIA - correct answer-1. National Security
2. Internal Rules & Practices
3. Statutory Exemptions/FERPA (ex: grades)
4. Trade Secrets (ex: Coca-Cola recipe)
5. Executive Privilege
6. Personal Privacy
7. Law Enforcement Investigations
8. Banks
9. Oil Wells
Agape Principle - correct answer-Emphasizes love for our fellow humans. Aristotle Golden
Rule. Do unto others.
, Applied Ethics - correct answer-Practical application of moral considerations in real
situations. Application of ethics to solve problems/ethics codes.
Appropriation (1903 Statute) - correct answer-Woman's image used in flour ads without
permission/knowledge; by statute, appropriation tort created
Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce (1990) - correct answer-Michigan Campaign
Finance Act prohibited corporations from using treasury money for independent
expenditures to support or oppose candidates in elections for state offices. Michigan
Chamber of Commerce wanted to support a candidate (running against BOB KOLT) for
Michigan's House of Representatives by using general funds to sponsor a newspaper
advertisement. Supreme Court upheld Michigan Law stating that you CAN limit corporation
expenditures.
Branzburg V. Hayes (1972) - correct answer-Didn't reveal identities of two individuals who
created illegal drug. Was subpoenaed.
There needs to be a relationship between necessity of knowing info & govt. interest.
Court ruled 5-4 that knowledge of sources served a govt. interest.
Cable Companies offer 2 major products: - correct answer-1. Subscription video
programming
2. Broadband internet access
Campbell v. Acuff-Rose - correct answer-Determined that parody which creates a
transformative use is a fair use.
Categorical Imperative - correct answer-A concept developed by philosopher Immanuel Kant
as an ethical guideline for behavior. Act as you would want all other people to act toward all
other people. Act according to the maxim that you would wish all other rational people to
follow, as if it were a *universal law.*
Cease & Desist Order - correct answer-An administrative or judicial order prohibiting a
person or business firm from conducting activities that an agency or court has deemed
illegal. (FTC)
Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission (1980) - correct
answer-New York Public Service Commission banned commercial adv. on electricity ads.
Central Hudson requested ad ban be lifted after oil embargo ended, saying this violated First
Amendment - Supreme Court ruled it did violate First Amendment & 14th amendment.
Created a 4-part test.
Central Hudson Test - correct answer-Four-part test used by courts to determine restrictions
on commercial speech:
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