NUR 112 Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers The History of Nursing ✅Nursing is a profession wrought with a turbulent history. Struggles with sexism, racism, deplorable HC systems and conditions, and unfair treatment have led to the current dynamic profession of nursing. Many notable nursing leaders forged the development o f the current practice of nursing. Florence Nightingale ✅Pioneer of modern nursing. Provided medical aid in the Crimean War. Established the first secular nursing school in London. Published "Notes on Nursing" as core curriculum. Developed statistics and evidence for basis of nursing practice. International Council of Nurses Defines Nursing in Terms of: ✅Promotion of Health. Prevention of Illness. Collaborative Care. American Nurses Association Defines Nursing As: ✅The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and popul ations. The Central Focus of Nursing ✅In all definitions is the patient and includes physical, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. Nursing: A Profession and Discipline ✅Practice in a wide variety of settings. Develop a specific body of knowledge. Conduct and publish nursing research. Recognize role in health promotion. Use nursing knowledge as basis for nursing practice. The Practice of Nursing ✅Nurses use knowledge, skills, and critical thinking. Nurses provide care in variety of traditional and expanding nursing roles. Nurses use cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and legal/ethical skills. Nursing as a Professional Discipline ✅Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge. Strong service orientation. Recognized authority by a professional group. Code of ethics. Professional organization that sets standards. Ongoing research. Autonomy and self -regulation. Professional Nursing Organizations ✅As a profession, nursing has professional organizations that set standards for practice and education. Professional organizations are concerned with current issues and trends in nursing and HC. Professional organizations on nursing represent the interest o f nursing in legislation. Nursing Organizations ✅International Council of Nurses (ICN). American Nurses Association (ANA). National League for Nurses (NLN). American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). Specialty Practice Organizations. Educational Preparation for Nursing Practice ✅Practical and vocational nursing education. Registered nursing education (diploma in nursing, associate degree, baccalaureate). Graduate education in nursing. Continuing education. In -service education. What is a Standard? ✅Defines the type of care/service and outcome that a client can expect from the HC encounter. Standards of Practice and Professional Performance ✅Every nurse is personally accountable for their quality of practice and responsible for the use of ANA standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, and comprehensive care. (ANA) What is a Competency? ✅ANA defines as "an expected level or performance that integrates knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgment." What is QSEN? ✅Quality and Safety in Education in Nursing. Initiative funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to indoctrinate the fundamentals of patient safety and quality improvement into the professional practice of all nurses, starting with nursing schools. Quality Improvement ✅Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of HC systems. Safety ✅Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Teamwork and collaboration ✅Function effectively within nursing ad interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision -making to achieve quality patient care. Patient -Centered care ✅Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs. Evidence -Based Practice ✅Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal HC. Informatics ✅Use info and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making. Nurse Practice Acts ✅Define the legal scope of nursing practice. Exclude untrained or unlicensed individuals from practicing as a nurse. Create a state board of nursing. Make and enforce rules and regulations. Define important terms and activities in nursing. Provide legal req uirements and titles for registered and licensed practical nurses. Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. What is Professional Behavior for a Nurse? ✅Professional identity is influenced by characteristics, norms, and values of the nursing discipline. Professional Values of the Professional Nurse ✅Altruism. Autonomy. Human dignity. Integrity. Social justice. Values Standards of Conduct ✅Principle 1: respect for the dignity of the person. Principle 2: professional responsibility and accountability. Principle 3: quality of practice. Principle 4: trust and confidentiality. Principle 5: collaboration with others. Reasons for Suspending or Revoking a License ✅Drug or alcohol abuse. Fraud. Deceptive practice. Criminal acts. Previous disciplinary actions. Gross or ordinary negligence. Physical or mental impairments, including age. Due Cause for Revoking Licnese ✅Notice of investigation. Fair and impartial hearing. Proper decision based on substantial evidence. Nurse's Best Defense of License Investigation ✅Early legal counseling. Character and expert witnesses. Thorough preparation for all proceedings. Law ✅Standard or rule of conduct established and enforced by government. Designed to protect the rights of the public. Litigation ✅Process of bringing and trying a lawsuit. Plaintiff ✅Person bringing suit. Defendant ✅Person being accused of a crime. Presumed innocent until proven guilty. Public Law ✅Gov is directly involved. Regulates relationships between individuals and government. Private Law ✅Civil law. Regulates relationships among people. Criminal Law ✅Concerns state and federal criminal statutes. Defines criminal actions (e.g: murder, theft) Constitutions ✅Serve as guides to legislative bodies. Statutory Law ✅Enacted by a legislative body. Administrative Law ✅Empowered by executive officers. Common Law ✅Judiciary system reconciles controversies, creates body of common law. Intentional Torts ✅Assault and battery. Defamation of character. Invasion of privacy. False imprisonment. Fraud. Unintentional ✅Negligence. Malpractice. Categories of Malpractice Claims ✅Failure to follow standards of care. Failure to use equipment in responsible manner. Failure to assess and monitor. Failure to communicate. Failure to document. Failure to act as a patient advocate. Four Elements of Liability ✅Duty. Breach of duty. Causation. Damages. Professional and Legal Regulation of Nursing Practice ✅Nurse practice acts. Standards. Credentialing (accreditation, licensure, certification) Roles of Nurses in Legal Proceedings ✅Nurse as defendant. Nurse as fact witness. Nurse as expert witness. Ethical Conduct in Nursing ✅Practice based on professional standards of ethical conduct as well as professional values. Nurses should: cultivate the virtues of nursing, understand the ethical theories that dictate and justify professional conduct, be familiar with codes of ethics for nursing conduct. Purposes of the Code of Ethics for Nurses ✅It is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every nurse. It is the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard. It is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. Clinical Reasoning ✅How one thinks about client care issues. Promoting teamwork and collaboration. Clinical judgments are the outcomes of the critical thinking process. Causes of Conflict ✅Misunderstanding. Poor communication. Differences in values and goals. Personality clashes. Stress. Process of Conflict Resolution ✅Clarifying the problem. Generate possible solutions. Decide the best solution. Plan the implementation of the solution. Plan an evaluation of the solution.
