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Fundamentals of Nursing, Vital Signs, Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024/2025.
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Fundamentals of Nursing, Vital Signs, Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024/2025. Afebrile Without fever Febrile With fever Apical pulse (aka "point of maximal impulse" or PMI) Central pulse; located at the apex of the heart (aka "point of maximal impulse" or PMI). Routinely used on infan...

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  • June 27, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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Fundamentals of Nursing, Vital Signs, Exam
Questions and Correct Answers 2024/2025.
Afebrile
Without fever
Febrile
With fever
Apical pulse (aka "point of maximal impulse" or PMI)
Central pulse; located at the apex of the heart (aka "point of maximal impulse" or PMI).
Routinely used on infants - 3yrs. Helps determine discrepancies with radial pulse.
Peripheral pulse
Pulse located away from the heart; wrist or foot.
Apical-radial pulse
Normally apical & radial pulses are identical but an apical rate greater than the radial
rate can indicate that the thrust of blood from the heart is too weak to be felt
peripherally. Possible indication of vascular disease.
Apnea
Absence of breathing
Arrhythmia (aka dysrhythmia)
A pulse with an irregular rhythm (aka dysrhythmia).
Arterial blood pressure
Measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
Elastic & muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue, the arteries
lose much of their ability to constrict & dilate. Common in middle aged & older adults.
Auscultatory gap
Occurs particularly in hypertensive people; is the temporary disappearance of sounds
normally heard over the brachial artery when the cuff pressure is high followed by the
reappearance of the sounds at a lower level.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as
breathing. Rates decrease with age. Generally younger people have higher BMR.
Body temperature
Reflects the balance between the heat produced & lost from the body. Measured in
degrees.
Bradycardia
Heart rate in an adult of less than 60 bpm.
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow respirations.
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals the result of the
stroke volume (SV) times the heart rate (HR) per min.
Compliance
Arteries ability to contract & expand.

, Conduction
The transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature. Cannot take
place without contact between the molecules & normally accounts for minimal heat loss.
Constant fever
Body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal.
Convection
Dispersion of heat by air currents.
Core temperature
Temperature of the deep tissues of the body such as the abdominal cavity & pelvic
cavity. Remains relatively constant.
Costal breathing (aka thoracic breathing)
Involves external interest all muscles and other accessory muscles such as the
sternocleidomastoid muscles. Can be observed by the movement of the chest upward &
outward.
Diaphragmatic breathing (aka abdominal breathing)
Involves the contraction & relaxation of the diaphragm observed by the movement of the
abdomen as a result of the diaphragms contraction & downward movement.
Diastolic pressure
Pressure when the ventricles are at rest. The lower pressure present at all times within
the arteries.
Dysrhythmia
May consist of random irregular beats or a predictable pattern of irregular beats called
"regularly irregular".
Evaporation
Continuous vaporization of moisture from the respiratory tract and from the mucosa of
the mouth & skin.
Exhalation (aka expiration)
Breathing out or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere.
Fever (aka pyrexia or hyperthermia)
A body temperature above the usual range.
Fever spike
Temperature that that rises to a fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and
then returns to normal within a few hours. Common to bacterial blood infections.
Heat balance
When the amount of heat produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost.
Heat exhaustion
Result of excessive heat & dehydration. Paleness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting,
& moderately increased temperature of 101-102.
Heat stroke
Persons generally have been exercising in hot weather, have warm flushed skin, and
often do not sweat. Usually have a temperature of 106 or higher and may be delirious,
unconscious, or having seizures.
Hematocrit
When the proportion of red blood cells to the blood plasma is high. Highly viscous
blood; thick.
Hyperpyrexia

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