Environmental 101 Binghamton Test 1 2017 Graded A

Primary Succession - succession from nothing, no soil or vegetation, on bare rock, very slow Secondary Succession - succession from bare soil, there is already an ecosystem there Inhibition Succession - an early arriving species that makes a site less suitable for others Succession from pasture - soil compaction in addition to grazing has flattened land, secondary succession, composed of grasses Succession from tilled land or bare soil - land flattened by farming, no pits, secondary sucession Shade tolerance - Legume - plants which have nitrogen fixing bacteria colonies amoung their roots, ex) clover, soy beans, lotus Autumn Olive - invasive shrub, aggressive during sucession has edible berries Honeysuckle - invasive, gray hollow twigs, deer don't like Gray Dogwood - white berries not edible, shrub Impact of soil, climate, and disturbances on succession - soil - impacts the rate of succession climate - heavily influences vegetation that grows there disturbances - natural disasters set succession back, altho some species depend on these distrubances to trigger growth ex) fire casues certain pine cones to grow Natural Capitol - Natural resources + environmental services Sustainable Yield - highest rate we can take from a renewable resource without reducing its available supply Pollution - contamination of the environment by a chem. or other agents such as noise or heat to a level at which its harmful to health of humans or other animals Point Source Pollution - a single identifiable source of pollution ex) car tailpipe Non Point Source Pollution - pollution which is picked up by rain or snow and then diffuses into the rain or snow Tragedy of the Commons - If I do not use this resource someone else will. The little bit I use or don't use is not enough to make a difference anyways Affluence and Environmental Degradation - disproportionate difference in resource use between developed and developing countries Ecological Footprint - the amount of land needed to supply a person with renewable resources to meet their needs and absorb their wastes IPAT Model - Impact = Population x Affluence x Tech. What changes in human society have led to Enviro. degradation? - -Agricultural rev -Industrial rev -info or globalization rev Causes of Enviro problems - 1.) Population growth 2.) Unsustainable resource use 3.) Poverty 4.) Excluding environ costs in market prices 5.) Increasing isolation from nature Definition of science - a systematic attempt to discover how nature works through observation and experimentation Scientific Method - Observation