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samenvatting inspanningsfysiologie deel 3, algemene inspanningsfysio 2de bach,
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samenvatting dias + eigen notities deel 3, algemene inspanningsfysiologie (prof. Jan Bourgois)
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Hoofdstuk 1: meten vh energieverbruik tijdens inspanning ............................................................ 41. Ergometrie ........................................................................................................................ 4
2. Meten v energieverbruik= calorimetrie .............................................................................. 4
2.1. Directe calorimetrie ........................................................................................................... 4
2.2. indirecte calorimetrie= meten vd respiratoire gasuitwisseling ......................................... 5
2.3. Metingen v energiemetabolisme met isotopen = gemerkt water ..................................... 6
2.4. Basaal metabolisme (BM)= rustmetabolisme.................................................................... 6
3. VO2 respons tijdens submaximale inspanningen ................................................................ 6
3.1. Cardio-dynamische fase..................................................................................................... 6
3.2. Snelle componente (primary component) ........................................................................ 6
3.3. intensiteitsdomeinen ......................................................................................................... 7
3.4. Zuurstofopname na inspanning – overschot aan zuurstofopname na inspanning – EPOC
(excess post exercise oxygen consumption) .................................................................................... 7
Hoofdstuk 2: hormonale regulatie v inspanning............................................................................. 7
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 8
1.1. Controle hormoonafgifte ................................................................................................... 8
2. hormonale regulatie v inspanning ...................................................................................... 8
2.1. belangrijke hormonen ....................................................................................................... 8
3. Belangrijkste hormonen betrokken bij regulatie vh glucosemetabolisme tijdens inspanning 9
3.1. Betrokken bij glycogenolyse* & gluconeogenese**.......................................................... 9
3.2. Betrokken bij glucoseopname door spieren ...................................................................... 9
4. Belangrijkste hormonen betrokken bij regulatie vh vetmetabolisme tijdens inspanning .... 10
4.1. Regulatie glucose & vetmetabolisme tijdens inspanning ................................................ 10
4.2. Betrokken bij reductie v triglyceriden via activatie lipase ............................................... 10
4.3. Betrokken bij mobilisatie & metabolisme v vrije vetzuren .............................................. 10
5. Hormonale effecten op vloeistof- en elektrolytenbalans tijdens inspanning ...................... 10
5.1. Aldosteron (BD↑) & renine-angiotensinemechanisme .................................................. 11
5.2. antidiuretisch hormoon (ADH) ........................................................................................ 11
hoofdstuk 3: cardiovasculaire en -respiratorische regulatie tijdens inspanning ............................. 11
1. cardiovasculaire & respiratorische systemen .................................................................... 11
1.1. structuur & functies vh cardiovasculair systeem ............................................................. 12
1.2. structuut & functies vh respiratorische systeem ............................................................. 12
2. acute cardiovasculaire aanpassingen aan inspanning ........................................................ 12
2.1. Hartspier .......................................................................................................................... 12
2.2. Hartfrequentie ................................................................................................................. 13
2.3. Slagvolume....................................................................................................................... 14
2.4. Hartminuutvolume .......................................................................................................... 15
2.5. Bloeddruk ........................................................................................................................ 15
1
, 2.6. Doorbloeding ................................................................................................................... 16
2.7. Bloed ................................................................................................................................ 17
3. Acute respiratorische aanpassingen aan inspanning ......................................................... 18
3.1. Longventilatie .................................................................................................................. 18
3.2. Diffusie ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.3. Zuurtegraad ..................................................................................................................... 20
Hoofdstuk 4: cardiovasculaire & respiratorische aanpassingen door training ................................ 21
1. Cardiovasculaire aanpassingen door training= chronische aanpassingen ........................... 21
1.1. Hartgrootte ...................................................................................................................... 21
1.2. Slagvolume....................................................................................................................... 21
1.3. hartfrequentie.................................................................................................................. 21
1.4. hartminuutvolume........................................................................................................... 22
1.5. doorbloeding & bloeddruk .............................................................................................. 22
1.6. bloedvolume .................................................................................................................... 22
2. respiratorische aanpassingen door training ...................................................................... 22
3. factoren die van invloed zijn op reactie op aërobe training ............................................... 22
Hoofdstuk 5: cardiorespiratorische, metabole & musculaire karakteristieken v detraining ............ 23
1. Detraining ....................................................................................................................... 23
1.1. Cardiorespiratorische karakteristieken detraining........................................................... 23
1.2. Metabole karakteristieken detraining ............................................................................. 23
1.3. Musculaire karakteristieken detraining ........................................................................... 23
Hoofdstuk 6: inspanning onder warme & koude omstandigheden................................................ 23
1. Regulatiemechanismen vd lichaamstemperatuur ............................................................. 24
1.1. Lichaamstemperatuur: algemene begrippen .................................................................. 24
1.2. Warmte-evenwicht .......................................................................................................... 24
1.3. Transport lichaamswarmte .............................................................................................. 24
1.4. Thermoregulatie: sturen vd warmte-uitwisseling ........................................................... 25
1.5. Thermoregulatie: effectoren die lichaamstemperatuur veranderen............................... 26
2. Fysiologische reacites op inspanning id hitte/koude ......................................................... 26
2.1. OMGEVING ...................................................................................................................... 26
2.2. DEHYDRATATIE ................................................................................................................. 27
2.3. acute fysiologische aanpassingen op inspanning in warmte ........................................... 27
3. Gezondheidsrisico’s tijdens inspanningidhitte/koude ....................................................... 28
3.1. Meten warmtebelasting met Wet-bulb globe temperature-index (WBGT) .................... 28
3.2. Hitte aandoeningen: oorzaken & behandeling ................................................................ 29
4. Acclimatisatie aan hitte ................................................................................................... 30
4.1. Principes warmte acclimatisatie ...................................................................................... 30
Hoofdstuk 7: practica.................................................................................................................. 30
2
,1. Introductie ...................................................................................................................... 30
2. Energielevering ............................................................................................................... 30
2.1. Anaerobe energielevering ............................................................................................... 30
2.2. aerobe energielevering .................................................................................................... 31
3. Acute effecten inspanning ............................................................................................... 32
3.1. Cardiovasculaire respons ................................................................................................. 32
3.2. Respiratoire respons ........................................................................................................ 32
4. VO2max .......................................................................................................................... 32
4.1. Verloop zuurstofgebruik bij steady state ......................................................................... 33
5. Inspanningstesten ........................................................................................................... 33
5.1. Indirecte methode ........................................................................................................... 33
5.2. Directe methodes ............................................................................................................ 34
5.3. Voordelen directe methodes ........................................................................................... 36
5.4. Nadelen directe methodes .............................................................................................. 36
6. In de praktijk ................................................................................................................... 36
6.1. Voorbereiding test ........................................................................................................... 36
6.2. Anamnese ........................................................................................................................ 37
6.3. Selectie protocol .............................................................................................................. 37
6.4. Antropometrie ................................................................................................................. 37
6.5. Inspanningstest afnemen ................................................................................................ 37
6.6. Trainingsadvies................................................................................................................. 37
7. Chronische adaptaties duurtraining ................................................................................. 37
7.1. Cardiovasculair................................................................................................................. 37
7.2. Musculair ......................................................................................................................... 38
7.3. Zichtbaar in testresultaat ................................................................................................. 38
3
, Hoofdstuk 1: meten vh energieverbruik
tijdens inspanning
1. Ergometrie
Meten vd hoeveelheid geleverde uitwendige arbeid/vermogen ve bepaalde vorm
• Arbeid= kracht x afstand
• Vermogen= arbeid/tijdseenheid
= kracht x snelheid
Omzetten fysieke activiteit in beweging
• Soorten ergometers:
- Fietsergometer
→ Voordelen:
➢ Weinig inter- en intraindividuele verschillen vr mechanische rendement
➢ Weinig invloed vh LG
➢ Bovenlichaam onbeweegelijk: ECG, bloeddruk makkelijk meten
➢ Weinig gevaar vr val/ander lichamelijk letsel
- Loopband
- Roeierergometer
- Armergometer
- Zwemergometer
- Stepergometer
2. Meten v energieverbruik= calorimetrie
1 calerie = warmte om 1 g H2O met 1°C op te warmen
Hoeveel warmte produceert lichaam?
2.1. Directe calorimetrie
• Warmteproductie => energieverbruik
• 1ste wet vd thermodynamica: behoud v energie
Bepaalde hoeveelheid energie verbruikt= hoeveelheid warmte geproduceerd
Bepaling vd energiewaarde v voedsel: BOM-caloriemeter
- Bom= metalen vat
- Schaaltje: voedingsmiddel met gewicht
→ In brand steken (zuurstoftoevoer nodig)
- Vat met water (V & T gekend)
- Voor & na verbranding: in welke mate temperatuur v water verandert?
→ Hoe meer energie v voedingsbestanddeel, hoe meer warmte produceren, hoe
meer temperatuurverandering v water
Experiment met hond in kooi:
Omgeven door water
Hond leeft aantal uur in kamer
hoe is temperatuur van water verandert? = aantal kcal verbruikt
calorimetrie= directe methode vr meten v energie
voordeel: nauwkeurige schatting
nadeel:
- geen snelle veranderingen volgen
- duur
4
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