Microbiology CSCC - EXAM 2 Questions And Answers Rated A+

3 stages of cellular respiration - glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain 5 Mechanisms of antibacterial drugs - Ihibition of: cell wall, protein, nucleic acid synthesis and metabolic pathway Interference: cell membrane integrity 7 methods of physical control - heat, pasteurization, cold, pressure, filtration, desiccation, and radiation 7 types of disinfectant - phenols, halogens, alcohols, heavy metals, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, acids and alkalis Acids and Alkalis - used to preserve foods in detergents aerobic respiration equation - glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water Alcohol - kill some bacteria/fungi dont kill spores kill some viruses feature protiens disrupt membranes/lipids (ex:isopropanol) Aldehydes - used to preserve specimens (ex: formaldehyde)Anabolism - building metabolic reactions Antibiotic - a drug used to inhibit/kill bacteria antibiotics come from - bacteria and some fungi Antiparastic Drugs - interfere with biosynthetic pathways of protozoan parasites or neuromuscular function of worms drugs: marolone antiseptic - used on living things used to kill/inhibit growth Antiviral drugs - target specific virus targets: viral uncaring, nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors and neuraminidase inhibitors Apoptosis - programmed cell death aseptic - control the environment and amount of contamination ATP - stores energy for the cel. is made by phosphorylating ADP ATP is a... - reducer autotrophs - Organisms that are able to make their own food through INORGANIC materials (take c from CO2) bacteria produce what when fermented? - acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, and formic acidBacteriastatic - drug inhibits the growth of the bacteria Bactericidal - kills bacteria Basophils - rarest WBC involved with inflammation/allergies releases histamine/heparin broad spectrum antibiotics - affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria best used if its a general bacteria infection can some antibiotics kill enzymes? - yes, if bacteria over grows the enzymes cant keep up with it Carbon - all organic compounds including lipids, proteins, carbs, and nucleic acids catabolic reactions - provide energy for the cell, energy is stored as ATP, and when the cell needs an anabolic reaction energy is available catabolism - "cat tearing something down" digestive metabolic reactions Cell wall synthesis disruption - occurs with: penicillin/bacitracin/cephalosporins and vancomycin usually targets gram + Cellular energy - ATP Chemoautotrophs - An organism that needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source but that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.Chemoheterotrophs - An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. Chemolithotrophs - use chemotrophs compounds as the carbon source and then are autotrophic using sunlight and other energy Chemoorganotrophs - use a variety of organic compounds as the carbon source and the energy source Chemotrophs - obtain energy from chemicals CHNOPS - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur -needed to live cold temperature - inhibits microbial growth (refrigeration, deep freezing, lyophilization) Competitive inhibition of enzymes - occurs with sulfanilsmides they inhibit the enzyme that converts PABA to folic acid