total magnification = objective lens power X 10
the evacuated tube system (ETS) consists of:
- tourniquet
- needle
- tube holder
- vacutainer tube
The common needle gauges used for drawing blood are:
green = 21
black = 22
blue = 23
The 4 main types of anticoagulants include:
EDTA
Citrate (sodium)
Heparin
Oxalate (potassium)
How does the anticoagulant EDTA work?
,EDTA bonds with calcium ions so it's unavailable for the coagulation process
How does the anticoagulant heparin work?
heparin inhibits thrombin formation
thrombin is needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin (fibrin clot)
what additive is in a yellow vacutainer?
what test is it commonly used for?
acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
used for DNA studies - plasma
what additives are available in a royal blue vacutainer?
what test is it commonly used for?
- plain
- EDTA (common)
- heparin
used for toxicology and trace elements
what test uses the black vacutainer?
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
what is the sodium citrate ratio difference between the black and light blue
vacutainer?
anticoagulant : blood
black = 1:4
light blue = 1:9
in what order do you collect blood culture bottles? why?
1. aerobic
2. anaerobic
anaerobic bottle should be collected second so that none of the air in the butterfly
needle tube enters
What is the order of draw?
, 1. sterile blood culture bottles (aerobic then anaerobic)
2. light blue
3. red
4. SST
5. PST
6. green
7. lavender
8. gray
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
What is the composition of blood?
55% plasma
45% formed elements: (RBCs, WBCs, platelets)
what are some factors that influence blood composition?
- age
- gender
- pregnancy
- diet
- stress
- drugs
- environment
etc.
what is a 2 hr postprandial (PP) test?
a screening test for diabetes
compares a fasting blood specimen with one collected 2hrs pp.
how should you prep for blood cultures collection?
1. cleanse skin with alcohol -> let air dry
2. cleanse skin with Chlorhexidine -> let air dry
3. disinfect bottles (uncap and rub alcohol pad on top)
for pediatric heel prick, what depth lancet is used?
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