TESTBANK FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
其次，数字时代对社会文化产生了深刻的影响
信息技术的普及使得信息传播的速度和广度空
提升，全球化进程加速，不同文化之间的交流
MULTIPLE CHOICE 融合日益频繁。在这种背景下，文化多样性得
了更好的保护和发展。同时，互联网作为信息
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
播的重要平台，极大地拓展了人们获取知识和
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
息的渠道，促进了社会的知识共享和创新。然
a. A single circular chromosome
，数字时代的文化发展也面临着一些挑战。例
b. A nucleus
，信息过载和信息质量问题，使得人们在海量
c. Free-floating nuclear material
息中难以辨别真伪，容易受到虚假信息和不良
d. No organelles
容的影响。其次，数字时代对社会文化产生了
ANS: B 刻的影响。信息技术的普及使得信息传播的速
和广度空前提升，全球化进程加速，不同文化
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
间的交流与融合日益频繁。在这种背景下，文
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has多样性得到了更好的保护和发展。同时，互联
no organelles.
作为信息传播的重要平台，极大地拓展了人们
REF: p. 2 取知识和信息的渠道，促进了社会的知识共享
创新。然而，数字时代的文化发展也面临着一
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
挑战。例如，信息过载和信息质量问题，使得
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
们在海量信息中难以辨别真伪，容易受到虚假
a. Metabolic absorption
息和不良内容的影响。其次，数字时代对社会
b. Communication
c. Secretion 化产生了深刻的影响。信息技术的普及使得信
d. Respiration 传播的速度和广度空前提升，全球化进程加速
不同文化之间的交流与融合日益频繁。在这种
ANS: D 景下，文化多样性得到了更好的保护和发展。
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
时，互联网作为信息传播的重要平台，极大地
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
展了人们获取知识和信息的渠道，促进了社会
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances. 知识共享和创新。然而，数字时代的文化发展
面临着一些挑战。例如，信息过载和信息质量
REF: p. 2
题，使得人们在海量信息中难以辨别真伪，容
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which 受到虚假信息和不良内容的影响。其次，数字
region of the cell would most of
the genetic information be contained? 代对社会文化产生了深刻的影响。信息技术的
a. Mitochondria 及使得信息传播的速度和广度空前提升，全球
b. Ribosome 进程加速，不同文化之间的交流与融合日益频
c. Nucleolus 。在这种背景下，文化多样性得到了更好的保
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm 和发展。同时，互联网作为信息传播的重要平
，极大地拓展了人们获取知识和信息的渠道，
ANS: C 进了社会的知识共享和创新。然而，数字时代
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
文化发展也面临着一些挑战。例如，信息过载
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the信息质量问题，使得人们在海量信息中难以辨
nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
真伪，容易受到虚假信息和不良内容的影响。
involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
次，数字时代对社会文化产生了深刻的影响。
cell.
息技术的普及使得信息传播的速度和广度空前
REF: p. 2 升，全球化进程加速，不同文化之间的交流与
合日益频繁。在这种背景下，文化多样性得到
更好的保护和发展。同时，互联网作为信息传
的重要平台，极大地拓展了人们获取知识和信
的渠道，促进了社会的知识共享和创新。然而
数字时代的文化发展也面临着一些挑战。例如
信息过载和信息质量问题，使得人们在海量信
NURSINGTB.COM 中难以辨别真伪，容易受到虚假信息和不良内
的影响。
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the
layer itself?
a. Peripheral membrane proteins
b. Integral membrane proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules
ANS: B
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral
membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the
surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein
marks cells and does not float.
REF: p. 7
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Ligands
ANS: D
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
REF: p. 9
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the
extracellular matrix would suN
ppoR
rt thIe dG
iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer?
a. Decreased fibronectin
U S N T O
b. Increased collagen
c. Decreased elastin
d. Increased glycoproteins
ANS: A
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing
them to travel or metastasize.
REF: p. 10
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Cell junction
b. Gap junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction
ANS: A
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
REF: p. 11
NURSINGTB.COM
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring
alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up,
destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of
glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical
mediator like insulin.
REF: p. 12
9. In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a product of
the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction between an enzyme and
any of the remaining options.
REF: p. 16
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The
athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that
the problem is result of a deficiency of:
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options are
involved in muscle contraction.
REF: p. 16
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP is
generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
NURSINGTB.COM
, REF: p. 16
12. A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the
nurse include?
a. Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Only digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the phases of cellular
catabolism.
REF: p. 16
13. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
ANS: C
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The electron-transport chain is part
of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen. Oxidative
phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
REF: p. 16
14. A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute
from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student
understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to
an area of lesser solute concentration through a permeable membrane. Osmosis is the
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water
concentration to one of lower concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against
a cell membrane. In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient.
REF: p. 19
15. Which description accurately describes electrolytes?
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
NURSINGTB.COM
