BIOD 152 REVISED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/20245
List Four parts of the human brain
cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
Describe the number, location and function of the brain ventricles.
There are four ventricles in the interior of the brain, chambers filled with cerebrospinal
fluid which is produced there.
Describe the brain meninges and the layers.
The meninges are three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover and protect
central nervous system organs and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The leathery dura mater
is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer
separated from the dura mater by the subdural space. Beneath the arachnoid meninx is
the subarachnoid space which contains blood vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal
fluid. The inner pia mater meninx is a thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain.
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the blood-brain barrier and how is it maintained?
The blood-brain barrier is a diffusion barrier which prevents most particles from entering
the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from
general blood circulation. The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively
impermeable brain capillaries, due to the glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the
blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a stable chemical environment for the
nervous system. A stable internal environment is important to protect neurons from
chemical variations which could cause uncontrollable firing of neurons.
Describe the cerebrum.
The cerebrum, the foremost part of the brain, is the largest part of the brain in humans
comprising about 83% of total brain mass
What is the median longitudinal fissure?
It separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres from one another.
Raised ridges on the cerebrum are called____.
Gyri
The _______ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
The transverse fissure
The outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is called the ______and is highly
convoluted and gray in color.
cerebral cortex
Describe the functions of the lobes of the cerebrum.
The frontal lobe controls higher level executive functions such as reasoning and
decision making. The frontal lobe also controls motor functions and permits control over
, voluntary muscle actions. The parietal lobe receives sensory information from receptors
in the mouth for taste and located in the skin, such as those for touch, pressure, and
pain. The occipital lobe interprets visual input. The temporal lobe has sensory areas for
hearing and smelling.
What is the difference between a primary area and an association area in the
brain?
Primary areas in each lobe receive information for one type of sensory information.
Association areas act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory information for
purposeful action.
List the three major parts of the brain stem.
The brain stem is made up of the mid-brain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
How is the medulla oblongata involved with the heart and lungs?
The medulla oblongata regulates heartbeat and breathing
How is the pons involved with the eyes and ears?
The pons regulates head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.
The superior and inferior colliculi are located on the posterior portion of the
_____.
Midbrain
How is the hypothalamus involved with the entire internal environment of the
body and the endocrine system in particular?
The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, the constancy of the internal environment
and controls the pituitary gland and serving as a link between the nervous and
endocrine systems
All except what sensory impulses are channeled through the thalamus?
ll sensory impulses (except those associated with the sense of smell) are channeled
through the thalamus.
What is the function of the pineal body?
The pineal body secretes melatonin to control the wake-sleep cycle
Describe the location and structure of the cerebellum.
The cerebellum, below and at the back of the brain, is convoluted and divided into two
hemispheres with deep fissures subdividing it into three lobes.
The major function of the cerebellum is to control what type of body function?
The cerebellum acts to coordinate body movements. The cerebellum is also involved
with planning movements, maintaining balance, controlling certain eye movements,
maintaining normal muscle tone and maintaining posture.
What portion of the cerebellum coordinates limb movements?
Intermediate lobe, vermis
What areas of the brain does the limbic system connect?
The limbic system connects the frontal lobes, the temporal lobes, the thalamus, and the
hypothalamus.
What is the purpose of the amygdala?
The amygdala is a small portion of the limbic system that is involved in emotions such
as rage and anger.
Why is the limbic system called our "feeling brain"?
The limbic system is our feeling brain since stimulation of different areas of the limbic
system causes rage, pain, pleasure, or sorrow.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2024/20245
List Four parts of the human brain
cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
Describe the number, location and function of the brain ventricles.
There are four ventricles in the interior of the brain, chambers filled with cerebrospinal
fluid which is produced there.
Describe the brain meninges and the layers.
The meninges are three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover and protect
central nervous system organs and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The leathery dura mater
is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid meninx is a loose layer
separated from the dura mater by the subdural space. Beneath the arachnoid meninx is
the subarachnoid space which contains blood vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal
fluid. The inner pia mater meninx is a thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain.
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid.
What is the blood-brain barrier and how is it maintained?
The blood-brain barrier is a diffusion barrier which prevents most particles from entering
the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from
general blood circulation. The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively
impermeable brain capillaries, due to the glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the
blood-brain-barrier is important to provide a stable chemical environment for the
nervous system. A stable internal environment is important to protect neurons from
chemical variations which could cause uncontrollable firing of neurons.
Describe the cerebrum.
The cerebrum, the foremost part of the brain, is the largest part of the brain in humans
comprising about 83% of total brain mass
What is the median longitudinal fissure?
It separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres from one another.
Raised ridges on the cerebrum are called____.
Gyri
The _______ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
The transverse fissure
The outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is called the ______and is highly
convoluted and gray in color.
cerebral cortex
Describe the functions of the lobes of the cerebrum.
The frontal lobe controls higher level executive functions such as reasoning and
decision making. The frontal lobe also controls motor functions and permits control over
, voluntary muscle actions. The parietal lobe receives sensory information from receptors
in the mouth for taste and located in the skin, such as those for touch, pressure, and
pain. The occipital lobe interprets visual input. The temporal lobe has sensory areas for
hearing and smelling.
What is the difference between a primary area and an association area in the
brain?
Primary areas in each lobe receive information for one type of sensory information.
Association areas act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory information for
purposeful action.
List the three major parts of the brain stem.
The brain stem is made up of the mid-brain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
How is the medulla oblongata involved with the heart and lungs?
The medulla oblongata regulates heartbeat and breathing
How is the pons involved with the eyes and ears?
The pons regulates head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.
The superior and inferior colliculi are located on the posterior portion of the
_____.
Midbrain
How is the hypothalamus involved with the entire internal environment of the
body and the endocrine system in particular?
The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis, the constancy of the internal environment
and controls the pituitary gland and serving as a link between the nervous and
endocrine systems
All except what sensory impulses are channeled through the thalamus?
ll sensory impulses (except those associated with the sense of smell) are channeled
through the thalamus.
What is the function of the pineal body?
The pineal body secretes melatonin to control the wake-sleep cycle
Describe the location and structure of the cerebellum.
The cerebellum, below and at the back of the brain, is convoluted and divided into two
hemispheres with deep fissures subdividing it into three lobes.
The major function of the cerebellum is to control what type of body function?
The cerebellum acts to coordinate body movements. The cerebellum is also involved
with planning movements, maintaining balance, controlling certain eye movements,
maintaining normal muscle tone and maintaining posture.
What portion of the cerebellum coordinates limb movements?
Intermediate lobe, vermis
What areas of the brain does the limbic system connect?
The limbic system connects the frontal lobes, the temporal lobes, the thalamus, and the
hypothalamus.
What is the purpose of the amygdala?
The amygdala is a small portion of the limbic system that is involved in emotions such
as rage and anger.
Why is the limbic system called our "feeling brain"?
The limbic system is our feeling brain since stimulation of different areas of the limbic
system causes rage, pain, pleasure, or sorrow.
