Maximize your learning and preparation for General Chemistry 2 with our comprehensive notes deal. This package is designed specifically for grade 12 STEM students, providing detailed notes on essential topics such as thermochemistry, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids, bases, and salts,...
For example, when you roll a toy car down
CHEMISTRY 2 a ramp and it hits a wall, the energy is
2nd Quarter
transferred from kinetic energy to
potential energy.
Palonpon
How can the
flow and •Energy in chemical reactions maybe
conversion of measured in terms of the amount of heat
energy be involved.
determined?
Chapter 3: Thermochemistry
Energy
Thermochemistry is a branch of
chemistry that deals with the study of the • as the ability to do work. Energy can
heat energy involved in chemical reactions be classified into two types:
and changes in physical states of matter.
o Kinetic Energy – “energy in
It explores how heat and energy are
motion” or associated with the
exchanged during these processes, and
motion of an object.
how they affect the properties of
substances.
o Potential Energy – “energy at
rest” or stored in an object due
Law of Conversion of Mass
to its position or configuration,
• states that in a chemical reaction such as gravitational potential
mass is neither created nor energy.
destroyed.
Example:
For example, the carbon atom in coal
In a roller coaster ride, as the coaster
becomes carbon dioxide when it is
climbs up a hill, its kinetic energy
burned.
decreases because it's slowing down
The carbon atom changes from a solid against gravity. At the top of the hill, its
structure to a gas, but its mass does not kinetic energy is at a minimum (zero if it
change. stops), but its gravitational potential
energy is at a maximum because it's high
Law of Conversion of Energy above the ground. Then, as it goes down
the hill, potential energy decreases while
• states that the amount of energy is
kinetic energy increases.
neither created nor destroyed.
1
, Other Forms of Energy
o Mechanical Energy – results from
physical work. It is the sum of
potential and kinetic energy.
o Radiant or Light Energy – energy
carried by electromagnetic waves,
• The Law of Conservation of Heat
including visible light.
– states that heat energy is
conserved in a system, meaning the
o Electrical Energy – associated with
total amount of heat energy in a
the flow of electric charge.
closed system remains constant.
o Thermal or Heat Energy – energy
associated with the constant
random motion of molecules.
System Surrounding
o Chemical Energy – energy stored the particular
everything
within the structure units of area of interest
outside the
(within the
system.
substances. circle).
o Nuclear Energy – energy released
during nuclear reactions, such as
fusion or fission.
Energy Changes in Chemical
Reactions
• The Law of Conservation of Mass
– states that mass is conserved in a
closed system, meaning the total
Types of Systems
mass of reactants is equal to the
total mass of products in a o Open Systems – systems that
chemical reaction. allow the transfer of mass and
energy.
Not all masses of reactants are
converted to products; some take the
form of energy such as heat.
2
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