Anth 1001 Exam 2 Practice Questions with 100% Correct Answers

classification in biology, the ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, families, and genera, to show evolutionary relationships. Chordata The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates vertebrates animasl with segmented, bony spinal columns; inlcudes fishes, amphibians, reptiles(inluding birds), and mammals homologies Similarities btwn organisms based on descent from a common ancestor analogies similarities bwtn organisms based strictly on common function, with no assumed common evolutionary descent. homoplasy the separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in diff groups of organisms. evolutionary systematics A traditional approach to classification(and evolutionary interpretation) in which presumed ancestors and descendants are traced in time by analaysis of homologous characters. cladistics an approach to classification that attempts to make rigorous evolutioary interpretations based solely on analysiss of certain types of homologous characters( those considered to be derived characters). ancestral referring to characters inherited by a group of organisms from a remote ancestor and thus not diagnostic of groups(lineages) that diverged after the character first appeared; also called primitive. clade a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor. The group includes the common ancestor and all descendants. derived(modified) referring to characters that are modified from the ancestral condition and thus diagnostic of particular evolutionary lineages. shared derived relating to specific character traits in common btwn 2 life-forms and considered the most iseful for making evolutionary interpretations.